An interband cascade laser-based in situ absorption sensor for nitric oxide in combustion exhaust gases

Diemel, Oliver; Pareja, Jhon; Dreizler, Andreas; Wagner, Steven

doi:10.1007/s00340-017-6741-8

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1 using the gas temperature determined from the CO spectrum. This absorption transition has also previously been measured with success in combustion and IC engine exhaust studies, validating its selection for this application [17,18]. An exhaust gas pressure of 1 atm is assumed for the mole fraction calculation, and spectroscopic parameters used for extraction of temperature and mole fraction are taken from the HITEMP database, as well as a recent study by Almodovar et al [19][20][21].…”

Section: Spectroscopic Approachmentioning

confidence: 65%

Cycle-Resolved Emissions Analysis of Polyfuel Reciprocating Engines via In-Situ Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

Schwarm

Minesi

Jeevaretanam

et al. 2022

ASME 2022 ICE Forward Conference

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A high-speed in-situ laser absorption sensor has been developed for cycle-resolved emissions analysis in the exhaust manifold of production-scale internal combustion engines. An inline sensor module, using optical fiber-coupling of interband and quantum cascade lasers, targets the fundamental rovibrational absorption lines of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide near 5 μm in wavelength. The sensor module was integrated into a commercial EPA-certified natural gas spark-ignition generator operated at 3,300 rpm for measurements of exhaust pulse temperature, CO, and NO concentrations at a rate of 10 kHz. Novel high-temperature optomechanical design enabled in-stream sensor coupling near the exhaust valve with local gas temperatures up to ∼1200 K and valve to sensor gas transit times on the order of milliseconds. Measurement results reveal high degrees of intra-cycle and cycle-to-cycle variations which are otherwise undetectable with standard emission gas analyzers. Sensor response to variations in fuel composition was evaluated by introduction of 1–10% NH3 or H2 into the natural gas fuel system. The effects of fuel blending on exhaust emissions of CO and NO were well-distinguished even at 1% volume fraction, and the sensor captured both intra-cycle and cycle-averaged emissions differences between the three fuel types. Measured concentrations of CO and NO ranged from 0.1–2.8% and 30–3500 ppm with detection limits of 0.07% and 26 ppm, respectively. The exhaust sensor presented here has potential for integration with real-time control systems to enable adaptive optimization of polyfuel internal combustion engines to meet the need for flexible, low-carbon, on-demand energy conversion.

show abstract

Section: Spectroscopic Approachmentioning

confidence: 65%

Cycle-Resolved Emissions Analysis of Polyfuel Reciprocating Engines via In-Situ Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

Schwarm

Minesi

Jeevaretanam

et al. 2022

ASME 2022 ICE Forward Conference

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Finally, the local concentration, temperature, and potentially pressure of the gas may be inferred by a spectroscopic fit using the HITRAN database 25 . A more detailed explanation on TDLAS is given in 6 , 7 , 26 .…”

Section: Merging Tdlas and Tof-lidarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a spatially resolved, single-ended TDLAS system for characterizing the distribution of gaseous species

Hansemann,

Bonarens,

Emmert

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many applications require diagnostics that can quantify the distribution of chemical gas species and gas temperature along a single line-of-sight, which is challenging in process environments with limited optical access. To this end, we present an approach that combines time-of-flight Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) with Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) to scan individual gas molecular transition lines. This method is applicable in situations where scattering objects are distributed along the beam path, such as solid fuel combustion, or when dealing with multiple gas volumes separated by weakly reflecting windows. The approach is demonstrated through simulation studies and an initial experimental proof of concept for separated gas volumes.

show abstract

“…It is important to mention that extended sampling time while using the MPGC will contribute to distorted results as NO can react with O 2 . In addition, accurate measurement of NO using LAS is also challenging because the candidate NO absorption features were contributed by many multifold transitions, [27][28][29] introducing the difficulty in accurate fitting of the absorption feature with high efficiency. 30 In this work, a mid-infrared laser-based sensor was developed for calibration-free and minimally intrusive measurement of NO in methane-ammonia cofired flames.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mid‐infrared laser absorption sensor for calibration‐free measurement of nitric oxide in laminar premixed methane/ammonia cofired flames

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2023

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An interband cascade laser (ICL)‐based absorption sensor was developed for calibration‐free and high‐fidelity measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in laminar premixed methane/ammonia cofired flames using a combination of a micro‐probe and a low‐pressure, high‐temperature gas cell. The developed sensor, which has been shown to be particularly suitable for kinetic studies of ammonia combustion, used a tunable, continuous, narrow‐linewidth, free‐space ICL operating at ~5.2 μm to target the optimal NO transition centered at 1900.07 cm−1. A direct absorption spectroscopy technique with a reduced line model was implemented for calibration‐free measurements. Comprehensive experiments were first conducted to evaluate the sensor performance against the standard gas mixture at varied pressure from 20 to 101 kPa at 393 K, showing a relative difference of ≤2.5% and a measurement uncertainty of ≤2.0%. Such a sensor shows a minimum detection limit of ~2 ppm at the integration time of 1 s. The sensor was then applied for investigating the NO formation in ammonia‐methane cofiring flames with various ammonia blending ratios; the acquired experimental data was further used as benchmark data for evaluation of literature chemical mechanisms for ammonia combustion. The developed sensor system was demonstrated to be capable of providing quantitative and spatially resolved measurement of NO in ammonia‐methane cofired flames.

show abstract

An interband cascade laser-based in situ absorption sensor for nitric oxide in combustion exhaust gases

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Cycle-Resolved Emissions Analysis of Polyfuel Reciprocating Engines via In-Situ Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

Cycle-Resolved Emissions Analysis of Polyfuel Reciprocating Engines via In-Situ Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

Towards a spatially resolved, single-ended TDLAS system for characterizing the distribution of gaseous species

A mid‐infrared laser absorption sensor for calibration‐free measurement of nitric oxide in laminar premixed methane/ammonia cofired flames

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About