An Interesting Entity Mimicking Malignancy: Laryngeal Candidiasis

Abstract

Primary candidiasis in the laryngeal mucosa is rare but has many predisposing factors, in particular immune insufficiency and long-term antibiotic use. This study involved a reassessment of 530 laryngeal biopsy specimens originally examined between 2004 and 2009, from which 11 cases of hyperplastic laryngeal candidiasis were identified according to their clinical and histopathological features. Among possible predisposing factors, immune insufficiency was identified in three patients, there was long-term antibiotic use in two cases, use of inhaled corticosteroids in four cases, smoking in eight cases and reflux symptoms in four cases. Dysplasia as well as hyperplasia was seen in two cases. Endolaryngeal lesion excision was performed in eight cases and biopsy leading to radical surgery was done in three. In clinical follow-up no lesions were observed in nine cases while two had new leukoplakic lesions.

Candidiasis Causing Vocal Fold Leukoplakia: Review of Clinical and Pathological Results of 289 Cases With Vocal Fold Leukoplakia

“…In the present study, the male/female ratio in the group with candida leukoplakia was 26 to 10, and the number of males was higher. This result was similar to those of other studies performed in the same georaphy 6,10 ; however, in other countries, different results were obtained. 8,9 Although there is no definite explanation of gender-related difference, it is thought that the difference may have stemmed from the fact that patients living in different regions might have different sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyles.…”

“…Of the 36 patients in the Candida group, 26 (72.2%) were male, and 10 (27.8%) were female. In case series in the literature, while Pabuççuoglu et al 6 and Saraydaroglu et al 10 reported that vocal fold laryngeal candidiasis was more common among males, Sulica 8 and Wong et al 9 reported that it was more common among females. In the present study, the male/female ratio in the group with candida leukoplakia was 26 to 10, and the number of males was higher.…”

“…Therefore, the differential diagnosis of VFL lesions that have similar morphological images and different treatment modalities as Candida and non-Candida, determination of possible risk factors, and planning of treatment management are of importance for both patients and otorhinolaryngologist. 5,6,8-10…”

A case report of invasive candidiasis and fungal osteomyelitis mimicking oropharyngeal carcinoma recurrence in an immunocompetent patient following transoral robotic surgery

“…Furthermore, given the patient’s recent diagnosis of oropharyngeal carcinoma, there was also a definite need to consider tumour recurrence despite initial biopsy showing granulation tissues with no neoplasia. There have been prior case reports of laryngeal candidiasis mimicking possible malignancy [19], [20], [21].…”

Oral Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis

“…Histologically, some cases of CHC may mimic squamous cell carcinoma (Saraydaroglu et al, 2010 ; and, in particular, verrucous carcinoma. Some authors suggest that those cases that exhibit pronounced epithelial hyperplasia and/or verrucous carcinoma-like features should be extensively searched for hyphae or yeasts (Pabuççuoglu et al, 2002 ) in order to avoid the misdiagnosis of dysplasia or malignancy.…”