An intermediate temperature direct ammonia fuel cell using a proton conducting electrolyte

Maffei, N.; Pelletier, Luc; Charland, Jean‐Pierre; McFarlan, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.08.020

Cited by 104 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This will be beneficial for the direct use of ammonia fuel and the construction of simplified generation system. Therefore, much effort has been devoted to enhance the performance of direct ammonia-fuelled SOFCs employing oxide-ion [18][19][20][21] or proton [22][23][24][25][26] conducting electrolytes. * Electrochemical Society Active Member.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical and Catalytic Behaviors of Ni–YSZ Anode for the Direct Utilization of Ammonia Fuel in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Molouk

Okanishi

Muroyama

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study the electrochemical performances of Ni-YSZ anode in humidified H 2 , NH 3 and CH 4 fuels were compared under almost the same partial pressure of oxygen at 500-800 • C. The cell performance was significantly affected by fuel species and operating temperature. The single cell exhibited higher performance in wet NH 3 as compared with that in CH 4 , which was caused by the difference in the catalytic activity of anode for the hydrogen production in wet NH 3 and CH 4 . Thus, it was clarified that NH 3 is a preferable fuel rather than CH 4 for the direct use in SOFCs. Furthermore, the kinetics study on ammonia decomposition over Ni-YSZ anode was conducted at 600 • C. Although the ammonia decomposition increased with increasing ammonia concentration, the decomposition reduced in the presence of hydrogen in the reactant gas. Such a behavior was not confirmed at 850 • C. These results indicated the inhibition effect of hydrogen for ammonia decomposition, which will be the key factor for the design of anode and the operating condition setting. Nowadays one of the most important challenges is producing energy from clean, renewable, durable, efficient and economically feasible sources. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) meet these goals. Variety of fuels can be used without the external reforming process because of high operating temperature of SOFCs. [1][2][3] Hydrogen is an ideal energy carrier and water is the only product of its combustion. For the massive utilization of hydrogen, however, there are still some difficulties in production, transportation, storage, and safety control. 4,5 Therefore, it is important to use hydrogen containing chemicals such as methane, ethanol and ammonia as alternative fuels.Methane has been studied extensively as a fuel for direct internal reforming SOFCs due to higher energy density compared to hydrogen. In SOFCs, Ni-based cermet anodes such as Ni-YSZ are widely used because nickel is a good catalyst for methane steam reforming as well as electrochemical hydrogen oxidation. However, the low tolerance to carbon deposition of Ni-based cermets is the main obstacle for the direct use of methane. In most of cases, the excess amount of steam is added to the fuel gas to prevent the coke formation, leading to the reduction in the energy conversion efficiency. The development of alternative anodes such as copper-based and perovskite-based materials will be a fundamental solution to this matter. 6,7 At the current state, however, the catalytic activity of these anodes for methane steam reforming is not sufficiently high. [8][9][10] The cell performance is also insufficient for the practical application since this catalytic activity significantly affects the hydrogen concentration in the vicinity of anode. 11,12 Recently ammonia was proven as one of the promising hydrogen carriers for SOFCs because of following reasons; high energy density comparable to that of methane, 4 carbon free, ease in liquefaction at ambient temperature, low production cost, and ease in leakage detection. [13][14]...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical and Catalytic Behaviors of Ni–YSZ Anode for the Direct Utilization of Ammonia Fuel in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Molouk

Okanishi

Muroyama

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A high power density of 1.19 W/cm 2 at 650°C was reported for a direct ammonia SOFC based on oxygen-conducting Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 electrolyte . To avoid the formation of nitric oxide, another option is to use a proton-conducting electrolyte based on doped BaCeO 3 and BaZrO 3 (Maffei et al, 2005(Maffei et al, , 2007Ni et al, 2008;Zhang and Yang, 2008;Xie et al, 2009). In this case, protons are generated from ammonia or hydrogen decomposed from ammonia then transferred to the cathode to react with oxygen, producing water.…”

Section: Ammonia Solid Oxide Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia as a Suitable Fuel for Fuel Cells

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ammonia, an important basic chemical, is produced at a scale of 150 million tons per year. Half of hydrogen produced in chemical industry is used for ammonia production. Ammonia containing 17.5 wt% hydrogen is an ideal carbon-free fuel for fuel cells. Compared to hydrogen, ammonia has many advantages. In this mini-review, the suitability of ammonia as fuel for fuel cells, the development of different types of fuel cells using ammonia as the fuel and the potential applications of ammonia fuel cells are briefly reviewed.

show abstract

“…Maffei et al [96][97] published some early work on ammonia fed SOFC-H systems. They used barium cerate doped with gadolinium and praseodymium (BCGP) as the electrolyte, and obtained a peak power density of 35 mW/cm² at 700 °C.…”

Section: Sofc-o Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia as a Hydrogen Source for Fuel Cells: A Review

Cheddie¹

2012

Hydrogen Energy - Challenges and Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An intermediate temperature direct ammonia fuel cell using a proton conducting electrolyte

Cited by 104 publications

References 5 publications

Electrochemical and Catalytic Behaviors of Ni–YSZ Anode for the Direct Utilization of Ammonia Fuel in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Electrochemical and Catalytic Behaviors of Ni–YSZ Anode for the Direct Utilization of Ammonia Fuel in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Ammonia as a Suitable Fuel for Fuel Cells

Ammonia as a Hydrogen Source for Fuel Cells: A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About