An international code comparison study on coupled thermal, hydrologic and geomechanical processes of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediments

White, Mark D.; Kneafsey, Timothy J.; Seol, Yongkoo; Waite, William F.; Uchida, Shun; Lin, Jeen‐Shang; Myshakin, Evgeniy M.; Gai, Xuerui; Gupta, Shubhangi; Reagan, Matthew T.; Queiruga, Alejandro F.; Kimoto, Sayuri; Baker, Rick; Boswell, Ray; Ciferno, Jared; Collett, Timothy S.; Choi, Jeong‐Hoon; Dai, Sheng; Fuente, María de la; Fu, Pengcheng; Fujii, Tetsuya; Intihar, C.G.; Jang, Jae‐Won; Ju, Xiaoli; Kang, Jianhua; Kim, J.H.; Kim, J.T.; Kim, S.J.; Koh, Carolyn A.; Konno, Yoshihiro; Kumagai, Kenichi; Lee, J.Y.; Lee, W.S.; Lei, Liang; Liu, F.; Luo, Hao; Moridis, George J.; Morris, Joseph P.; Nole, Michael; Otsuki, Satoshi; Sánchez, Marcelo; Shang, Siyuan; Shin, Choah; Shin, Hyo‐Jin; Soga, Kenichi; Sun, Xiaofeng; Suzuki, Shinya; Tenma, Norio; Xu, Tianfu; Yamamoto, Koji; Yoneda, Jun; Yonkofski, Catherine; Yoon, Heesung; You, Kehua; Yuan, Yilong; Zerpa, Luis E.; Zyrianova, Margarita V.

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104566

Cited by 93 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…The energy flux is determined as the sum of convective and conductive heat transfer components:

F^{e} = ρ_{G} q_{G} {\overset{true^}{H}}_{G} + ρ_{A} q_{A} {\overset{true^}{H}}_{A} - κ \nabla T

where

{\overset{H}{true}}_{G}

and

{\overset{H}{true}}_{A}

are the specific internal enthalpies of gas and aqueous phases, respectively, and κ is the bulk effective thermal conductivity of the medium. The composite thermal conductivity is calculated by:

k_{comp} = (1 - ϕ) k_{r} + ϕ (s_{l} k_{l} + s_{w} k_{w} + s_{i} k_{i} + s_{g} k_{g})

where ϕ is the porosity, s is the saturation, and k is the thermal conductivity (liquid l , water w , ice i , gas g , and rock r , respectively) (White et al., 2020) and is used with the heat flux to calculate the geothermal gradient at each location (

\nabla T = \frac{- Q}{k_{comp}}

).…”

Section: Blake Ridge Study Area and Numerical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of Gas Hydrate Formation at Blake Ridge Using Machine Learning and Probabilistic Reservoir Simulation

Eymold

Frederick

Nole

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Coupling of Dakota and PFLOTRAN incorporates uncertainties into numerical simulations of gas hydrate formation near Blake Ridge • Maps of gas hydrate or free gas occurrence in seafloor sediments correlate to sedimentation rate, total organic carbon, and heat flux • Open source framework can be extended to new geographic regions to improve predictions of global volumetric estimates of gas hydrate Accepted Article This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

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“…The energy flux is determined as the sum of convective and conductive heat transfer components:

F^{e} = ρ_{G} q_{G} {\overset{true^}{H}}_{G} + ρ_{A} q_{A} {\overset{true^}{H}}_{A} - κ \nabla T

where

{\overset{H}{true}}_{G}

and

{\overset{H}{true}}_{A}

are the specific internal enthalpies of gas and aqueous phases, respectively, and κ is the bulk effective thermal conductivity of the medium. The composite thermal conductivity is calculated by:

k_{comp} = (1 - ϕ) k_{r} + ϕ (s_{l} k_{l} + s_{w} k_{w} + s_{i} k_{i} + s_{g} k_{g})

\nabla T = \frac{- Q}{k_{comp}}

).…”

Section: Blake Ridge Study Area and Numerical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where ϕ is the porosity, s is the saturation, and k is the thermal conductivity (liquid l, water w, ice 328 i, gas g, and rock r, respectively) (White et al, 2020) and is used with the heat flux to calculate the 329 geothermal gradient at each location (∇ = () * +,-.…”

Section: Pflotran Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Gas Hydrate Formation at Blake Ridge Using Machine Learning and Probabilistic Reservoir Simulation

Eymold

Frederick

Nole

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Our model illuminates how the enriched hydrate above and the free gas column below the BHSZ forms (Figure 1) as is commonly observed along continental margins (e.g., Blake Ridge (Paull et al, 1996), Hydrate Ridge (Trèhu et al, 2003), and South China Sea (Wu et al, 2011) Our model improves significantly compared with previous models of methane hydrate formation in geological system. First, many previous hydrate formation models did not include methane transport by free gas flow as we do (although free gas flow is included in many gas production models from hydrate reservoir as summarized in White et al [2020]). They either simulated only the two-phase (hydrate, liquid) region above the BHSZ and considered only the in situ methane (e.g., Malinverno, 2010), or assumed no gas bubble formation (e.g., Daigle & Dugan, 2010;Xu & Ruppel, 1999), or gas bubble cannot move relative to sediment grains (e.g., Davie & Buffett, 2001).…”

Section: Improvements and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Hydrate Formation and Evolution During Sedimentation

You

Flemings

2021

JGR Solid Earth

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We explored methane hydrate formation with sedimentation with a newly developed one‐dimensional, multiphase flow, multicomponent transport numerical model. Our model couples methane hydrate formation from in situ microbial methane generation within the hydrate stability zone (HSZ), methane recycling, and microbial methane generation below the base of the hydrate stability zone (BHSZ). Both recycled methane and deeply generated methane are transported into the HSZ by buoyancy‐driven free gas flow. Free gas flows through the HSZ by both the processes of capillary‐dependent pore fillings and by salt exclusion during hydrate formation, with the former being the dominant mechanism. We quantitively illustrated the formation of enriched hydrate in muddy sediments above, and interconnected free gas below, the BHSZ, which are common features along the world's continental margin. In addition, we showed two ways to form concentrated methane hydrate above the BHSZ. The first mechanism is local free gas flow during methane recycling. This happens at sites with sufficient methane generation above the BHSZ. The second mechanism is deep microbial methane generation which is transported into the HSZ by free gas flow. This mechanism plays a more important role at sites with high sedimentation rates. This study provides new insights into methane hydrate formation and distribution below the seafloor. It is important for understanding the carbon cycle and carbon storage below the seafloor and for resource evaluation and exploitation.

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“…52 It was developed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and has been widely used in production prediction due to its high accuracy. [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] The geological system simulated in this paper is located in the Shenhu area (Figure 1). It is in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, one of the most important petroliferous basins on the northern slope of the SCS.…”

Section: Target Reservoir Conditions Model Construction and Domain Discretizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulations of depressurization‐induced gas production from hydrate reservoirs at site GMGS3‐W19 with different free gas saturations in the northern South China Sea

Mao

Sun

et al. 2021

Energy Science & Engineering

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An international code comparison study on coupled thermal, hydrologic and geomechanical processes of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediments

Cited by 93 publications

References 50 publications

Prediction of Gas Hydrate Formation at Blake Ridge Using Machine Learning and Probabilistic Reservoir Simulation

Prediction of Gas Hydrate Formation at Blake Ridge Using Machine Learning and Probabilistic Reservoir Simulation

Methane Hydrate Formation and Evolution During Sedimentation

Numerical simulations of depressurization‐induced gas production from hydrate reservoirs at site GMGS3‐W19 with different free gas saturations in the northern South China Sea

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