An international collaborative study to determine the prevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia by monoclonal antibody-based cELISA

Abstract

BackgroundFew serological tests are available for detecting antibodies against Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, the causal agent of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP). The complement fixation test, the test prescribed for international trade purposes, uses a crude antigen that cross-reacts with all the other mycoplasma species of the “mycoides cluster” frequently infecting goat herds. The lack of a more specific test has been a real obstacle to the evaluation of the prevalence and economic impact of CCPP worldwide. A new competitive ELISA kit for CCPP, based on a previous blocking ELISA, was formatted at CIRAD and used to evaluate the prevalence of CCPP in some regions of Kenya, Ethiopia, Mauritius, Tajikistan and Pakistan in an international collaborative study.ResultsThe strict specificity of the test was confirmed in CCPP-free goat herds exposed to other mycoplasma species of the “mycoides cluster”. Prevalence studies were performed across the enzootic range of the disease in Africa and Asia. Seroprevalence was estimated at 14.6% in the Afar region of Ethiopia, whereas all the herds presented for CCPP vaccination in Kenya tested positive (individual seroprevalence varied from 6 to 90% within each herd). In Mauritius, where CCPP emerged in 2009, nine of 62 herds tested positive. In Central Asia, where the disease was confirmed only recently, no positive animals were detected in the Wakhan District of Afghanistan or across the border in neighboring areas of Tajikistan, whereas seroprevalence varied between 2.7% and 44.2% in the other districts investigated and in northern Pakistan. The test was also used to monitor seroconversion in vaccinated animals.ConclusionsThis newly formatted CCPP cELISA kit has retained the high specificity of the original kit. It can therefore be used to evaluate the prevalence of CCPP in countries or regions without vaccination programs. It could also be used to monitor the efficacy of vaccination campaigns as high-quality vaccines induce high rates of seroconversion.

Fatal transmission of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia to an Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx)

“…CCPP vaccines are currently based on saponin-adjuvanted inactivated Mccp antigen (Rurangirwa et al, 1991). Correctly vaccinated animals will develop an antibody rise that can be monitored using a specific competition ELISA (Peyraud et al, 2014) hence verifying the vaccine was appropriate and the animal responded adequately.…”

Mycoplasmosis in Small Ruminants in India: A Review

“…Also occurrence of CCPP in surrounding states like Himachal Pradesh, Punjab (Walker, 1914; or neighboring countries like China ), Pakistan (Awan et al, 2010Samiullah, 2013), Afghanistan and Tajikistan (Peyraud et al, 2014) can influence occurrence in this region being in close proximity. Occurrence of CCPP in surrounding wild animal species can also be a reason (Yu et al, 2013).…”

“…However cross reactions, less accuracy in procedures, and low specificity and sensitivity have led to misinterpretation of disease prevalence (Nicholas et al, 2008) also. Application of novel tests like RFLP, cELISA, and real time PCR which have been utilized in many studies (Woubit et al, 2004;Awan et al, 2010;Peyraud et al, 2014) can also be used in most of the affected parts in India.…”

“…Development of monoclonal antibodies may provide an improved diagnostic capability. Sensitive and specific ELISAs based on monoclonal antibodies from purified and specific immunogenic proteins led to better diagnosis (Peyraud et al, 2014;Chakraborty et al, 2014;Kumar et al, 2014;OIE, 2017b). Molecular evaluation of Mycoplasma species based on different set of primers to identify different species further aided in diagnosis process.…”

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

“… CCPP distribution as reported to the World Organization for Animal Health ( OIE ) (adapted from Peyraud et al., )– The letters refer to the genotypes as stated in Dupuy et al. (). …”