An Internet multicast system for the stock market

Abstract

We are moving toward a distributed, international, twenty-four hour, electronic stock exchange. The exchange will use the global Internet, or internet technology. This system is a natural application of multicast because there are a large number of receivers that should receive the same information simultaneously.The data requirements for the stock exchange are discussed. The current multicast protocols lack the reliability, fairness, and scalability needed in this application. We describe a distributed architecture together with a reliable multicast protocol, a modification of the RMP protocol, that has characteristics appropriate for this application.The architecture is used in three applications:-In the first, we construct a unified stock ticker of the transactions that are being conducted on the various physical and electronic exchanges. Our objective is to deliver the the same combined ticker reliably and simultaneously to all receivers, anywhere in the world.-In the second, we construct a unified sequence of buy and sell offers that are delivered to a single exchange or a collection of exchanges. Our objective is to give all traders the same fair access to an exchange independent of their relative distances to the exchange or the loss characteristics of the international network.-In the third, we construct a distributed, electronic trading floor that can replace the current exchanges. This application uses the innovations from the first two applications to combine their fairness attributes.

Sustainable Digital Environments: What Major Challenges Is Humankind Facing?

“…Digital cameras have largely replaced analog cameras, and online shopping is replacing much of the purchasing done at physical "brick-and-mortar" locations. Companies emerging from the new media industry are entering the automotive market and challenging the historically developed cluster of automobile manufacturers, and a developing 24-h distributed electronic stock exchange with Internet multicast systems [15] is affecting the global stock market and its volatility and risks [16]. The digitalization of companies will heavily affect the companies' communication and leadership structures, the access to knowledge about the supply chain (i.e., the direct partners and competitors), but also trust building as direct communication will be reduced, just to mention few issues.…”

Network coding-based protection

“…This is also referred to as point-to-multipoint or one-to-many traffic model. Multicast is intensively used in applications such as IPTV [20][21], scientific and financial information data distribution [22], and in data center-hosted applications [23] [24]. These applications heavily rely on optical backbone networks for their bandwidth and availability requirements.…”

Reliable Collaborative Decision Making in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

“…Previous work on token ring protocols for reliable broadcast and multicast focused on wired network implementations [2], [3], [4]. Figure 2 is an illustration adapted from the Reliable Broadcast Protocol [4] of a token ring comprised of receivers in a broadcast group.…”

“…In several token ring protocols [2], [3], [4], an explicit handshake is used to: 1) acknowledge source messages, 2) confirm acceptance of the token from the previous token site, and 3) request transfer of the token to the next token site, as shown in Figure 3. This approach prevents continuous circulation of the token in the presence of frequent unit and communication failures because, in these cases, the required handshake may not transpire.…”

“…2 Information may be recovered from any peer, even if source fails. 3 Retry until positive acknowledgement. 4 For many-to-many broadcast or multicast.…”