An intervening ethical governor for a robot mediator in patient-caregiver relationship: Implementation and evaluation

Shim, Jaeeun; Arkin, Ronald C.; Pettinatti, Michael

doi:10.1109/icra.2017.7989340

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Among the papers, several constitute clear-cut cases instantiating one of the four main ethical systems. For example, References [5,100,126] are clearly deontological, and References [1,40,52,137] constitute uncontroversial examples of consequentialist systems. Furthermore, a considerable number of papers invoke elements from multiple systems.…”

Section: Ethical Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementations in Machine Ethics

et al. 2020

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Increasingly complex and autonomous systems require machine ethics to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks to society arising from the new technology. It is challenging to decide which type of ethical theory to employ and how to implement it effectively. This survey provides a threefold contribution. First, it introduces a trimorphic taxonomy to analyze machine ethics implementations with respect to their object (ethical theories), as well as their nontechnical and technical aspects. Second, an exhaustive selection and description of relevant works is presented. Third, applying the new taxonomy to the selected works, dominant research patterns, and lessons for the field are identified, and future directions for research are suggested.

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Section: Ethical Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementations in Machine Ethics

et al. 2020

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“…The earliest proposal for a practical ethical governor for robots -a mechanism for moderating or inhibiting a robot's behavior to prevent it from acting unethically -was from Arkin [20], 1 although not tested on real robots. At the time of writing the number of experimental demonstrations of ethical robots remains very small indeed; to the best of our knowledge there have been only five such demonstrations to date: (i) the GenEth system of Anderson and Anderson [22], (ii) the Asimovian ethical robots of Winfield et al [23] and Vanderelst and Winfield [24], (iii) Bringsjord et al's Akratic robot [25], (iv) the "sorry I can't do that" robot of Briggs and Scheutz [26], and (v) the Intervening robot mediator in healthcare of Shim, Arkin and Pettinatti [27]. Papers which review and update the approaches of (i) and (ii) are included in this issue; we now briefly review (iii -v).…”

Section: T H E S Tat E O F T H E a R T I N M A C H I N E E T H Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the work of Shim et al [27] a robot equipped with an ethical governor monitors the interaction between a patient and healthcare advisor. The robot is able to sense (i) the loudness of the patient's speech, (ii) when the patient stands up to leave, and (iii) when the advisor asks the patient to take some medicine.…”

Section: T H E S Tat E O F T H E a R T I N M A C H I N E E T H Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Ethics: The Design and Governance of Ethical AI and Autonomous Systems [Scanning the Issue]

Winfield¹,

Michael²,

Pitt³

et al. 2019

Proc. IEEE

152

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The so-called fourth industrial revolution and its economic and societal implications are no longer solely an academic concern, but a matter for political as well as public debate. Characterized as the convergence of robotics, AI, autonomous systems and information technology-or cyber-physical systems-the fourth industrial revolution was the focus of the World Economic Forum, at Davos, in 2016 [1]. Also in 2016 the US White House initiated a series of public workshops on artificial intelligence (AI) and the creation of an interagency working group, and the European Parliament Committee for Legal Affairs published a draft report with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics.

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“…Shim, Arkin, and Pettinatti [60] implemented and evaluated a mediator robot that intervenes in situations that might lead to the stigmatization of people with health conditions. Their approach was to focus on modifying the behavior of the person with the health condition, however, evaluative data from participants indicated that this might not be the preferred approach.…”

Section: Detecting and Intervening In Problematic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assistive Robots for the Social Management of Health: A Framework for Robot Design and Human–Robot Interaction Research

Chita-Tegmark

Scheutz

2020

Int J of Soc Robotics

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There is a close connection between health and the quality of ones social life. Strong social bonds are essential for health and wellbeing, but often health conditions can detrimentally affect a persons ability to interact with others. This can become a vicious cycle resulting in further decline in health. For this reason, the social management of health is an important aspect of healthcare. We propose that socially assistive robots (SARs) could help people with health conditions maintain positive social lives by supporting them in social interactions. This paper makes three contributions, as detailed below. We develop a framework of social mediation functions that robots could perform, motivated by the special social needs that people with health conditions have. In this framework we identify five types of functions that SARs could perform: a) changing how the person is perceived, b) enhancing the social behavior of the person, c) modifying the social behavior of others, d) providing structure for interactions, and e) changing how the person feels. We thematically organize and review the existing literature on robots supporting human-human interactions, in both clinical and non-clinical settings, and explain how the findings and design ideas from these studies can be applied to the functions identified in the framework. Finally, we point out and discuss challenges in designing SARs for supporting social interactions, and highlight opportunities for future robot design and HRI research on the mediator role of robots.

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An intervening ethical governor for a robot mediator in patient-caregiver relationship: Implementation and evaluation

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Implementations in Machine Ethics

Implementations in Machine Ethics

Machine Ethics: The Design and Governance of Ethical AI and Autonomous Systems [Scanning the Issue]

Assistive Robots for the Social Management of Health: A Framework for Robot Design and Human–Robot Interaction Research

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