An Intraoral Miniature X-ray Tube Based on Carbon Nanotubes for Dental Radiography

Kim, Hyun Jin; Kim, Hyun Nam; Raza, Hamid Saeed; Park, Han Beom; Cho, Sung Oh

doi:10.1016/j.net.2016.01.012

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The first imaging application by this tube has been reported in dental area. In that study, it is showed that the small tube inserted intraorally with X-ray sensor fixed extra-orally can provide an opportunity to do a dental radiography better than conventional one [8].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature CNT-based X-ray tube: assessment for use in intraoperative radiation therapy

Mahmoud-Pashazadeh

Illanes

Joseph

et al. 2017

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering

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Carbon nanotube (CNT) is a new technology used to generate gamma photons in X-ray tubes. CNTs, in comparison to other small X-ray sources, produce high X-ray intensities and as they are not based on a thermionic principle they considered cold electron sources with a very high conversion of electrical to photon energy. Their small size and other interesting properties could make them feasible for use in intraoperative radiation therapy applications. In this study, physical characteristics of the photon beam generated by the CNT-based X-ray source were assessed. A soft X-ray ionization chamber and a flat panel detector was used to measure dose and photon counts, respectively. The repetitively produced pulses had almost the same photon intensities with differences of less than 1% between them. For a typical selected pulse, the variation in the pulse amplitude was also insignificant, which shows a stable radiation exposure of the tube during the ON-mode. When moving from the center of the beam profile to the lateral distance of 25 mm, both intensity profile and dose profile showed a falling trend by a factor of almost 3 in the measured values.We also tested the miniature tube with our novel radiation beam shaping collimator designed for a possible application to treat larynx tumor, which showed the possibility of interventional radiation therapy using this miniature source. An endoscopic camera attached to the system can also make it possible to optically visualize the radiation exposed area.In conclusion, CNT-based X-ray source with suitable attached collimator to shape the beam of the source, seems to provide an opportunity to deliver radiation to a desired tumor area in minimally invasive image guided medical procedures mainly in the normal cavities of the body.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature CNT-based X-ray tube: assessment for use in intraoperative radiation therapy

Mahmoud-Pashazadeh

Illanes

Joseph

et al. 2017

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering

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“…[18][19][20][21][22] It has also been used for dose measurements in intraoral radiography. 23,24 Such widespread use means that the optimal technique for using the film has been determined and shared. The optimal use of the film requires it to be given enough time to fully develop post-exposure, to be stored correctly pre-and post-exposure, to be exposed to a minimum dose in order to exhibit a stable response to exposure and to be digitized in a specific way to be useful for dose estimation.…”

Section: Choice Of Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of a thyroid shield for intraoral anterior oblique occlusal views—a risk-based approach

Worrall

Menhinick

Thomson³

2018

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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“…For these reasons, MWNTs are most commonly used as electron field emitters in high-power X-ray tubes, although experimental devices have also been constructed using SWNTs. [6][7][8][9] CNT cathodes for biomedical imaging measure several square millimeters in size and are commonly fabricated either by screen printing 10 or electrophoretic deposition (EPD). 9 In both cases, prefabricated CNTs are used as the starting material.…”

Section: Field Emission and The Cnt Cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 These cathodes are also powering miniature X-ray tubes that provide small field-ofview and planar imaging, introduced as a potential tool for dental imaging. 6 However, at this time, the only extensive clinical experience with CNT-enabled imaging has involved stationary tomosynthesis, a technology made possible by distributing and coordinating multiple CNT-enabled sources in a single Xray tube (Figure 1). In fact, to date, over 100 patients have been studied with these devices on Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved protocols for breast, 21 lung, 22 and dental imaging.…”

Section: Field Emission and The Cnt Cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

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An update on carbon nanotube‐enabled X‐ray sources for biomedical imaging

Puett

Inscoe

Hartman

et al. 2017

WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol

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A new imaging technology has emerged that uses carbon nanotubes (CNT) as the electron emitter (cathode) for the X-ray tube. Since the performance of the CNT cathode is controlled by simple voltage manipulation, CNT-enabled X-ray sources are ideal for the repetitive imaging steps needed to capture threedimensional information. As such, they have allowed the development of a gated micro-computed tomography (CT) scanner for small animal research as well as stationary tomosynthesis, an experimental technology for large field-of-view human imaging. The small animal CT can acquire images at specific points in the respiratory and cardiac cycles. Longitudinal imaging therefore becomes possible and has been applied to many research questions, ranging from tumor response to the noninvasive assessment of cardiac output. Digital tomosynthesis (DT) is a low-dose and low-cost human imaging tool that captures some depth information. Known as three-dimensional mammography, DT is now used clinically for breast imaging. However, the resolution of currently-approved DT is limited by the need to swing the X-ray source through space to collect a series of projection views. An array of fixed and distributed CNT-enabled sources provides the solution and has been used to construct stationary DT devices for breast, lung, and dental imaging. To date, over 100 patients have been imaged on Institutional Review Board-approved study protocols. Early experience is promising, showing an excellent conspicuity of soft-tissue features, while also highlighting technical and post-acquisition processing limitations that are guiding continued research and development. Additionally, CNT-enabled sources are being tested in miniature X-ray tubes that are capable of generating adequate photon energies and tube currents for clinical imaging. Although there are many potential applications for these small field-of-view devices, initial experience has been with an X-ray source that can be inserted into the mouth for dental imaging. Conceived less than 20 years ago, CNT-enabled X-ray sources are now being manufactured on a commercial scale and are powering both research tools and experimental human imaging devices.

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An Intraoral Miniature X-ray Tube Based on Carbon Nanotubes for Dental Radiography

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Miniature CNT-based X-ray tube: assessment for use in intraoperative radiation therapy

Miniature CNT-based X-ray tube: assessment for use in intraoperative radiation therapy

The use of a thyroid shield for intraoral anterior oblique occlusal views—a risk-based approach

An update on carbon nanotube‐enabled X‐ray sources for biomedical imaging

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