An Introduction to Antioxidants and Their Roles in Plant Stress Tolerance

Mehla, Neeti; Sindhi, Vinita; Josula, Deepti; Bisht, Pooja; Wani, Shabir Hussain

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5254-5_1

Cited by 56 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…It is well known that phenolic compounds act as antioxidants [ 25 , 26 ], but they are not fully responsible for the antioxidant activity of essential oils. In a recent study, Ferreira et al, 2017 [ 7 ] have reported an enhanced antioxidant activity of essential oils rich in oxygenated monoterpenes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemometric Comparison and Classification of Some Essential Oils Extracted from Plants Belonging to Apiaceae and Lamiaceae Families Based on Their Chemical Composition and Biological Activities

et al. 2018

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This study is focused on the comparison and classification of parsley, lovage, basil, and thyme essential oils (EOs) based on their chemical composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities by using appropriate chemometric methods: Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The results showed that parsley, lovage, and thyme EOs are rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons, but basil EO is rich in oxygenated monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids, and that both PCA and HCA separated essential oils into two main groups of which one contains two sub-groups. β-Phellandrene was the major component identified in parsley and lovage EOs, estragole was the major component in basil EO, and p-cymene was the major component in thyme EO. Thyme EO showed the highest level of total phenolics, the highest antioxidant capacity, and exhibited the stronger antibacterial activity, results that were emphasized by both chemometric methods used. Among tested essential oils, the one of parsley was distinguished by a low total TPC, weak antioxidant activity, and weak antibacterial activity against S. enteritidis (ATCC 13076); lovage EO by low TPC, weak antioxidant activity, but moderate antibacterial activity; and basil EO by low TPC, moderate antioxidant activity, and weak antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes (ATCC 19114).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemometric Comparison and Classification of Some Essential Oils Extracted from Plants Belonging to Apiaceae and Lamiaceae Families Based on Their Chemical Composition and Biological Activities

et al. 2018

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“…Atmospheric O 2 is a free molecule that exists in the ground state (triplet oxygen, 3 O 2 ) having two unpaired parallel spin electrons with the same spin numbers, which drop off its reactivity. However, additional energy from some biochemical reactions, electron transport chains (ETC), ultraviolet-B, and ionizing irradiations assist 3 O 2 to get rid of the spin restriction and thus becoming ROS ( Figure 1) [24].…”

Section: Chemistry Of Reactive Oxygen Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although its lifetime is very short (3.1-3.9 μs) and diffusion distance is low (190 nm), 1 O2 diffuses outside the chloroplast to reach the cell wall, targets plasma membrane, tonoplast, or even cytosolic signaling cascades [26]. Furthermore, 3 O2 can receive electrons from ETC or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity producing O2 •− , which has a half-life of 1-1000 μs [4]. In addition, O2 •− reacts with H + producing HO2 •− , which is far more reactive, stable, and permeable through biological membranes.…”

Section: Chemistry Of Reactive Oxygen Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Abiotic Stress: Revisiting the Crucial Role of a Universal Defense Regulator

et al. 2020

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Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic stress conditions, such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, waterlogging, extreme temperatures, oxygen deprivation, etc., greatly influence plant growth and development, ultimately affecting crop yield and quality, as well as agricultural sustainability in general. Plant cells produce oxygen radicals and their derivatives, so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS), during various processes associated with abiotic stress. Moreover, the generation of ROS is a fundamental process in higher plants and employs to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing environmental conditions. One of the most crucial consequences of abiotic stress is the disturbance of the equilibrium between the generation of ROS and antioxidant defense systems triggering the excessive accumulation of ROS and inducing oxidative stress in plants. Notably, the equilibrium between the detoxification and generation of ROS is maintained by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems under harsh environmental stresses. Although this field of research has attracted massive interest, it largely remains unexplored, and our understanding of ROS signaling remains poorly understood. In this review, we have documented the recent advancement illustrating the harmful effects of ROS, antioxidant defense system involved in ROS detoxification under different abiotic stresses, and molecular cross-talk with other important signal molecules such as reactive nitrogen, sulfur, and carbonyl species. In addition, state-of-the-art molecular approaches of ROS-mediated improvement in plant antioxidant defense during the acclimation process against abiotic stresses have also been discussed.

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“…As one kind of reactive oxygen species, H 2 O 2 is generated when plants fall into an unfavorable condition with abiotic or biotic stresses. Consequently, a suppressive expression of photosynthetic genes and degradation of proteins occur since H 2 O 2 destroys the structure of nucleic acids and proteins and inhibits their function [50]. The data implies that the 10 • C DIF exposed the plug seedlings to a lower level of stresses, contributing to the higher expression of photosynthetic genes, such as RBCL, FDX, and GBSS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Manipulating the Difference between the Day and Night Temperatures Can Enhance the Quality of Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis lanceolata Plug Seedlings

2019

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Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook. f. are two famous medical species in Korea, China, and Japan, mainly used for treating diseases including cancer, obesity, and inflammation. Manipulation of the difference between the day and night temperatures (DIF) is an efficient horticultural practice to regulate the growth and development of vegetables in a glasshouse. However, little research has focused on how the DIF influences the plug seedling quality of medicinal plants. In this study, uniform plug seedlings were cultivated in three environmentally controlled chambers under an average daily temperature of 20 °C with negative (−10 °C), zero, or positive (+10 °C) DIFs, and the same relative humidity (75%), photoperiod (12 h), and light intensity (150 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density with white LEDs). The results showed that the DIF had a noticeable effect on the growth, development, and morphology of A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata plug seedlings. The positive DIF (+10 °C) significantly increased the biomass (shoot, root, and leaf), stem diameter, and Dickson’s quality index, indicating an enhanced plug seedling quality. Moreover, the contents of primary and secondary metabolites, including soluble sugar, starch, total phenols and flavonoids, were higher with higher DIFs, where the maximum values were found at 0 °C or +10 °C DIF. Furthermore, the increases in the chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance were obtained in a positive DIF, indicating that a positive DIF was favorable to photosynthesis. An analysis of the gene expression showed that a positive DIF (+10 °C) up-regulated the expression of photosynthetic genes, including GBSS, RBCL, and FDX. In conclusion, the results of this study recommend a positive DIF (+10 °C) for enhancing the quality of A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata plug seedlings.

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An Introduction to Antioxidants and Their Roles in Plant Stress Tolerance

Cited by 56 publications

References 133 publications

Chemometric Comparison and Classification of Some Essential Oils Extracted from Plants Belonging to Apiaceae and Lamiaceae Families Based on Their Chemical Composition and Biological Activities

Chemometric Comparison and Classification of Some Essential Oils Extracted from Plants Belonging to Apiaceae and Lamiaceae Families Based on Their Chemical Composition and Biological Activities

Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Abiotic Stress: Revisiting the Crucial Role of a Universal Defense Regulator

Manipulating the Difference between the Day and Night Temperatures Can Enhance the Quality of Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis lanceolata Plug Seedlings

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