An Introduction to Microgrids, Concepts, Definition, and Classifications

Shahbazitabar, Maryam; Abdi, Hamdi; Nourianfar, Hossein; Anvari‐Moghaddam, Amjad; Mohammadi‐Ivatloo, Behnam; Hatziargyriou, Nikos D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59750-4_1

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Local RES grids, commonly referred as renewable microgrid [7]- [10], are based on ESS to maintain the energy storage and act as a buffer between the RES and the load. In this specific case it would be the EV recharging point, including photovoltaics as RES, the EVs as load and the HSC operating as ESS.…”

Section: Development and Characterization Of Essmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid supercapacitors contributions to intra-urban transport ecosystem based on RES for seasonal tourism

Rengel¹,

Caparrós²,

López³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

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Renewable Energy Sources (RES) use at local scale reduces the environmental impact, maximizing the effect as production and consumption are carried out in the same place. Therefore, this limits the losses associated with distribution networks, and minimizes the impact on the landscape in areas of special interest, including touristic beaches and other natural sites, where there are high-value natural environments, and where the citizens’ comfort must be considered. Implementation of an intra-urban transport ecosystem, based on fleets of light electric vehicles charged from RES, is proposed for these natural touristic areas. In this context, Urban Touristic Transport at Sustainable Environments (TTUES) project aims to promote the implementation of a transport ecosystem, using specifically designed and tested light and small-sized electric vehicles (EVs), and suitable charging stations based solely on RES. This paper presents a development of an Energy Storage System (ESS) based on Hybrid Supercapacitors (HSC) for their application in light EVs recharging points. It details the main equipment and capabilities of the testing facilities, and the tests performed by INTA, the Spanish National Institute for Aerospace Technology, in the framework of the project TTUES, as well as the experimental results validating the HSC system for its application.

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Section: Development and Characterization Of Essmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid supercapacitors contributions to intra-urban transport ecosystem based on RES for seasonal tourism

Rengel¹,

Caparrós²,

López³

et al. 2024

RE&PQJ

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“…The evolving landscape demands a more nuanced understanding of how the rotating mass of the generator interacts with the grid under dynamic variations. This intricate interplay not only contributes kinetic energy to the grids/MGs but also actively participates in the absorption or release of energy, aligning with the ever-changing requirements of a modern, sustainable power ecosystem [21].…”

Section: Overview Of Variable Inertia Mg and Adaptive Data-driven-bas...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptive Data-Driven-Based Control for Voltage Control Loop of Grid-Forming Converters in Variable Inertia MGs

Pinthurat,

Kongsuk,

Surinkaew

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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In the transition towards sustainable energy systems, microgrid (MG) plays a pivotal role, especially in the context of variable-inertia MGs that integrate renewable energy sources (RESs) and distributed energy resources (DERs). Maintaining stable voltage control within such grids is imperative for reliable operation. This paper presents an adaptive data-driven control technique for the voltage control loop of grid-forming converters in variable-inertia MGs. The primary objective is to enhance control performance while accommodating the unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources. The approach utilizes advanced data-driven algorithms to continuously monitor and adjust control parameters based on real-time grid conditions. This adaptability allows for effective management of varying inertia and load demand, ensuring optimal grid performance. The data-driven nature of the approach enables self-adaptability, making it suitable for the dynamic MG environment. Simulation results and case studies validate the efficacy of the adaptive data-driven control technique in optimizing voltage control within variable-inertia MGs with high penetration RESs and DERs. This innovative approach represents a significant stride towards fully controlling RESs and DERs to support MG's voltage without requiring exact MG's parameters, thereby ensuring grid stability and power quality, and supporting the transition towards sustainable energy systems.

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“…The combined cool, heat and electric power microgrid (CHP-MG) systems, otherwise called Three-Generation systems, can improve the quality of energy, generated from renewable power sources, such as wind turbines and solar panels. Compared with conventional CHP systems, CHP-MG have greater functionality, because they do not only satisfy cooling-, heating-and electric power demands (e.g., for residential, commercial, industrial and university buildings), but they also interact with the main grid to provide energy demand response services, i.e., reserve, peak-shaving, load shifting, load shedding, and improved capability for the integration of non-dispatchable, i.e., renewable energy sources (RES) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-Economic Optimization Study of Interconnected Heat and Power Multi-Microgrids with a Novel Nature-Inspired Evolutionary Method

et al. 2022

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The world is once again facing massive energy- and environmental challenges, caused by global warming. This time, the situation is complicated by the increase in energy demand after the pandemic years, and the dramatic lack of basic energy supply. The purely “green” energy is still not ready to substitute the fossil energy, but this year the fossil supplies are heavily questioned. Consequently, engineering must take flexible, adaptive, unexpected directions. For example, even the natural gas power plants are currently considered “green” by the European Union Taxonomy, joining the “green” hydrogen. Through a tight integration of highly intermittent renewable, or other distributed energy resources, the microgrid is the technology of choice to guarantee the expected impacts, making clean energy affordable. The focus of this work lies in the techno-economic optimization analysis of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Multi-Micro Grids (MMG), a novel distribution system architecture comprising two interconnected hybrid microgrids. High computational resources are needed to investigate the CHP-MMG. To this aim, a novel nature-inspired two-layer optimization-simulation algorithm is discussed. The proposed algorithm is used to execute a techno-economic analysis and find the best settings while the energy balance is achieved at minimum operational costs and highest revenues. At a lower level, inside the algorithm, a Sequential Least Squares Programming (SLSQP) method ensures that the stochastic generation and consumption of energy deriving from CHP-MMG trial settings are balanced at each time-step. At the upper level, a novel multi-objective self-adaptive evolutionary algorithm is discussed. This upper level is searching for the best design, sizing, siting, and setting, which guarantees the highest internal rate of return (IRR) and the lowest Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). The Artificial Immune Evolutionary (AIE) algorithm imitates how the immune system fights harmful viruses that enter the body. The optimization method is used for sensitivity analysis of hydrogen costs in off-grid and on-grid highly perturbed contexts. It has been observed that the best CHP-MMG settings are those that promote a tight thermal and electrical energy balance between interconnected microgrids. The results demonstrate that such mechanism of energy swarm can keep the LCOE lower than 15 c€/kWh and IRR of over 55%.

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An Introduction to Microgrids, Concepts, Definition, and Classifications

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Hybrid supercapacitors contributions to intra-urban transport ecosystem based on RES for seasonal tourism

Hybrid supercapacitors contributions to intra-urban transport ecosystem based on RES for seasonal tourism

An Adaptive Data-Driven-Based Control for Voltage Control Loop of Grid-Forming Converters in Variable Inertia MGs

Techno-Economic Optimization Study of Interconnected Heat and Power Multi-Microgrids with a Novel Nature-Inspired Evolutionary Method

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