An Introduction to Pyrolysis and Catalytic Pyrolysis: Versatile Techniques for Biomass Conversion

Li, Li; Rowbotham, Jack S.; Greenwell, HC; Dyer, Philip W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53878-9.00009-6

Cited by 77 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…The heating rate sometimes is more than 1000 °C sec −1 . Flash pyrolysis is operated at temperatures ranging from 900 to 1200 °C, which can be attained within a second [106,107]. Such a rapid heating rate with high temperature and low vapor residence time lead to a high bio-oil yield.…”

Section: Flash Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in biochar production methods and its application as a soil health conditioner: a review

et al. 2020

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Interest in biochar production from organic waste has been growing in recent years due to its broad applicability, availability, and smoother production. Biochar production techniques are being continuously modernized to improve the production rate and quality. Though numerous methods have been reported in the recent past, a systematic classification of the same is yet to be explored. Based on the advancement of the techniques being employed for biochar production and modification of conventional methods, we have categorized all major techniques of biochar production into two primary classes. In the traditional approach, ancient methods and conventional pyrolysis techniques (Slow and Fast pyrolysis) are included, whereas, in modern approaches, several advanced technologies such as Gasification, Torrefaction, Hydrothermal carbonization, Electro-modification, along with modified traditional methods (Flash pyrolysis, Vacuum pyrolysis, and Microwave pyrolysis) are comprised. Further, the systematic review was intended to evaluate various types of feedstocks (agricultural biomass, forest/woody biomass, aquatic biomass, urban waste, and paper waste) with their potential to produce biochar. It was observed that the feedstock containing high cellulose was found to be helpful in improving the overall properties of biochar, including enhanced adsorptive action and retention of nutrients.

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Section: Flash Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in biochar production methods and its application as a soil health conditioner: a review

et al. 2020

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Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be defined broadly as the thermal decomposition of the organic components of dry biomass by heating in the absence of air [42,45,55]. Pyrolysis processes can be classified by temperature and process time as; slow, fast and flash [55,56]. Slow pyrolysis is characterised by long residence times (from minutes to days for solids) at low reactor temperatures (<400 °C) with very low rates of heating (0.01-2 °C·s ) [57], and results in higher yields of char rather than the liquid or gaseous fuel products [35,56].…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slow pyrolysis is characterised by long residence times (from minutes to days for solids) at low reactor temperatures (<400 °C) with very low rates of heating (0.01-2 °C·s ) [57], and results in higher yields of char rather than the liquid or gaseous fuel products [35,56]. Fast and/or flash pyrolysis covers a range of newer technologies operating with temperatures above 500 °C and short vapour residence times of a few seconds or less [42,56], and has potential for the commercial production of biofuel from biomass [35,55].…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macroalgae-Derived Biofuel: A Review of Methods of Energy Extraction from Seaweed Biomass

et al. 2014

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Abstract:The potential of algal biomass as a source of liquid and gaseous biofuels is a highly topical theme, but as yet there is no successful economically viable commercial system producing biofuel. However, the majority of the research has focused on producing fuels from microalgae rather than from macroalgae. This article briefly reviews the methods by which useful energy may be extracted from macroalgae biomass including: direct combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, trans-esterification to biodiesel, hydrothermal liquefaction, fermentation to bioethanol, fermentation to biobutanol and anaerobic digestion, and explores technical and engineering difficulties that remain to be resolved.

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“…Hemicellulose is the second largest chemical component of woody and grassy biomass, and is linked with cellulose in the cell walls of almost all terrestrial plants [1,2]. The main component of hemicellulose is xylan, which accounts for one-third of the lignocellulosic materials on earth [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Immobilization of Xylanase and Scaffolding Protein onto an Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Membrane

Wong

Juang

et al. 2020

Catalysts

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Lignocellulosic biomass conversion technology seeks to convert agricultural waste to sugars through the use of various cellulases and hemicellulases. In practice, the application of free enzymes might increase the cost of the process due to difficulties with recovery of the enzymes and products. Immobilization might be an effective approach for recovering the hydrolysis products and improving the stability and reusability of the enzymes. In this study, we used a recombinant genetic engineering approach to construct a scaffold protein gene (CipA) and a xylanase gene (XynC) fused to a dockerin gene (DocT). After expressing CipA and XynC-DocT (XynCt) genes using E. coli hosts, the crude extracts were collected. An immobilized metal ion affinity membrane/Co2+ ion (IMAM-Co2+) system was prepared to adsorb CipA in its crude extract, thereby allowing simultaneous purification and immobilization of CipA protein. A similar approach was applied for the adsorption of XynCt protein, exploiting the interaction between the cohesin units in IMAM-Co2+-CipA and the dockerin unit in XynCt. The activity of the xylanase unit was enhanced in the presence of Co2+ for both the free XynCt enzymes and the immobilized CipA-XynCt. The heat resistance and stability over a wide range of values of pH of the immobilized CipA-XynCt were superior to those of the free XynCt. Furthermore, the immobilized CipA-XynCt retained approximately 80% of its initial activity after seven reaction cycles. The values of Km and νmax of IMAM-Co2+-CipA-XynCt (1.513 mg/mL and 3.831 U/mg, respectively) were the best among those of the other tested forms of XynCt.

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An Introduction to Pyrolysis and Catalytic Pyrolysis: Versatile Techniques for Biomass Conversion

Cited by 77 publications

References 133 publications

Recent trends in biochar production methods and its application as a soil health conditioner: a review

Recent trends in biochar production methods and its application as a soil health conditioner: a review

Macroalgae-Derived Biofuel: A Review of Methods of Energy Extraction from Seaweed Biomass

Co-Immobilization of Xylanase and Scaffolding Protein onto an Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Membrane

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