An Introduction to Sonoelectrochemistry

Sonoelectrochemistry: Ultrasound-assisted Organic Electrosynthesis

“…9,46 The ultrasound bath is the simplest configuration and is normally used because of its ability to clean the surfaces of the working electrode. 46 This acoustic wave propagation device differs from the probe-type ultrasound in terms of efficiency and process capability. 47 However, the biggest disadvantage of this configuration is the uncontrolled propagation of the ultrasound waves in the liquid medium with low intensity and nonhomogeneous spreading.…”

“…47,51 However, this arrangement also has some limitations, such as erosion of the horn and the need for temperature control due to the heating effect of the horn. 46,51 Furthermore, the effects of ultrasonic irradiation in heterogeneous systems, involving the electrode and the electrolyte, and in homogeneous systems, taking place in the bulk solution, have been studied and discussed in the past 30 years. 2,12 Hydrodynamically, the two main phenomena that can be observed when using ultrasonic irradiation are acoustic cavitation and acoustic streaming 52,53 (see Figure 2).…”

“…There are two different sonoelectrochemical configurations based on ultrasound irradiation: ultrasonic bath and immersion of an ultrasonic probe horn (Figure ). , The ultrasound bath is the simplest configuration and is normally used because of its ability to clean the surfaces of the working electrode . This acoustic wave propagation device differs from the probe-type ultrasound in terms of efficiency and process capability .…”

Hybrid Advanced Oxidation Processes Involving Ultrasound: An Overview

“…Acoustic cavitation generates extreme temperature and pressure conditions within the collapsing bubbles [62,63,64]. In water, acoustic cavitation process generates HO • radicals that could be used for the degradation of organic pollutants [65,66,67].…”

Improvement of fuel cell anodes using sono-electrochemical methods

“…A wide variety of methods for gold NPs synthesis of controlled size exists, usually by use of dispersant. A few examples could be the chemical [16,47,148,157], electrochemical [55,100] or sonoelectrochemical route [3,18,65,71,74,113,123] as well as via microwave (MW) irradiation [145], UV irradiation [17], use of ionic liquids (ILs) [107,144] and gamma radiolysis [80] to name a few. A general method for metal NPs preparation of adjustable size with no need of altering experimental conditions such as medium concentration, temperature or dispersant is the sonoelectrochemical (SEC) technique [25,108].…”