An intuitive review of supercapacitors with recent progress and novel device applications

Raghavendra, Kummara Venkata Guru; Vinoth, Rajangam; Zeb, Kamran; Gopi, Chandu V. V. Muralee; Sambasivam, Sangaraju; Kummara, Madhusudana Rao; Kim, Hee-Je; Kim, Sang-Yong

doi:10.1016/j.est.2020.101652

Cited by 190 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 330 publications

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“…In modern technologies, EDLs also form the basis for the aforementioned supercapacitors, which can store much more energy than conventional capacitors and can deliver much higher power than batteries [24][25][26]. For practical applications wherein these devices are charged and discharged, it is important to know how the electrolyte temperature can be kept low, because increased temperatures are the cause of faster degradation of components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible heat production during electric double layer buildup depends sensitively on the electrolyte and its reservoir

Glatzel

Janssen

Härtel

2021

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Several modern technologies for energy storage and conversion are based on the screening of electric charge on the surface of porous electrodes by ions in an adjacent electrolyte. This so-called electric double layer (EDL) exhibits an intricate interplay with the electrolyte's temperature that was the focus of several recent studies. In one of them, Janssen et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 166002 (2017)] experimentally determined the ratio Qrev/W el of reversible heat flowing into a supercapacitor during an isothermal charging process and the electric work applied therein. To rationalize that data, here, we determine Qrev/W el within different models of the EDL using theoretical approaches like density functional theory (DFT) as well as molecular dynamics simulations. Applying mainly the restricted primitive model, we find quantitative support for a speculation of Janssen et al. that steric ion interactions are key to the ratio Qrev/W el . Here, we identified the entropic contribution of certain DFT functionals, which grants direct access to the reversible heat. We further demonstrate how Qrev/W el changes when calculated in different thermodynamic ensembles and processes. We show that the experiments of Janssen et al. are explained best by a charging process at fixed bulk density, or in a "semi-canonical" system. Finally, we find that Qrev/W el significantly depends on parameters as pore and ion size, salt concentration, and valencies of the cat-and anions of the electrolyte. Our findings can guide further heat production measurements and can be applied in studies on, for instance, nervous conduction, where reversible heat is a key element.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible heat production during electric double layer buildup depends sensitively on the electrolyte and its reservoir

Glatzel

Janssen

Härtel

2021

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…Supercapacitors have broad applications in various fields [165]; these include electrochromism, SC-battery-hybrid (BSH) devices, electro-chemical-flow capacitors (EFC), line-filtering alternating current (AC) SCs, micro-SCs, photo-SCs, thermally chargeable SCs, self-healing SCs, shape memory SC (SMSC), shape memory SC (SMSC), piezoelectric SCs. These applications are summarized in the following sub-sections.…”

Section: Applications Of Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 9. Due to their unrivalled construction, hollow CeO 2 graphene carbon-coated nanospheres have a high specific capacity, high energy/specific strength, high-rate capability, and long service life.Reproduced with permission from with permission from[165]. Elsevier, 2020.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Supercapacitors: Materials Design, Modification, and Applications

et al. 2021

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Supercapacitors (SCs) have received much interest due to their enhanced electrochemical performance, superior cycling life, excellent specific power, and fast charging–discharging rate. The energy density of SCs is comparable to batteries; however, their power density and cyclability are higher by several orders of magnitude relative to batteries, making them a flexible and compromising energy storage alternative, provided a proper design and efficient materials are used. This review emphasizes various types of SCs, such as electrochemical double-layer capacitors, hybrid supercapacitors, and pseudo-supercapacitors. Furthermore, various synthesis strategies, including sol-gel, electro-polymerization, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, chemical vapor deposition, direct coating, vacuum filtration, de-alloying, microwave auxiliary, in situ polymerization, electro-spinning, silar, carbonization, dipping, and drying methods, are discussed. Furthermore, various functionalizations of SC electrode materials are summarized. In addition to their potential applications, brief insights into the recent advances and associated problems are provided, along with conclusions. This review is a noteworthy addition because of its simplicity and conciseness with regard to SCs, which can be helpful for researchers who are not directly involved in electrochemical energy storage.

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“…There has been a lot of confusion regarding the terminologies used in regard to classifying of SCs. Regardless of the standpoint of various classifications in the context of material construction and electrodes to charge storage mechanism to classify SCs, the underlying functioning principles remain the same (Muzaffar et al, 2019;Raghavendra et al, 2020;Zhi et al, 2013). The classification of the SCs (Figure 6) in simple depends on the electrode charge storage mechanism used for fabricating the SC.…”

Section: Classification Of Scs Their Assembly and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and future directions of transition metal sulfide‐based electrode materials towards supercapacitor/supercapattery

Das

Raj

Mohapatra

et al. 2021

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Advanced and sustainable energy storage technologies with tailorable electrochemically active materials platform are the present research dominancy toward an urgent global need for electrical vehicles and portable electronics. Moreover, intensive efforts are given to screen the widely available low-cost materials with a focus to achieve superior electrochemical performance for the fabrication of energy storage devices. Transition metal-based sulfides have prodigious technological credibility due to their compositional-and morphological-based tunable electrochemical properties. Here the significant advances and present state-ofthe-art of such assured materials in different energy storage devices are discussed. Assessment of the intensive work invested in the progress of transition metals such as V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn Mo, and W based sulfides along with their structural/compositional engineering and addressable aspects for electrochemical performance enhancement are highlighted. Additionally, discussions on critical strategies for decisive mechanistic and kinetic views for charge storage phenomena with key challenges, such as volume expansions, low stability, and sluggish kinetics, are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects demands for strategic approaches of such materials with prominence in futuristic directions are concluded.

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An intuitive review of supercapacitors with recent progress and novel device applications

Cited by 190 publications

References 330 publications

Reversible heat production during electric double layer buildup depends sensitively on the electrolyte and its reservoir

Reversible heat production during electric double layer buildup depends sensitively on the electrolyte and its reservoir

A Review of Supercapacitors: Materials Design, Modification, and Applications

Performance and future directions of transition metal sulfide‐based electrode materials towards supercapacitor/supercapattery

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