An Inulin-Specific Lectin with Anti-HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase, Antiproliferative, and Mitogenic Activities from the Edible Mushroom Agaricus bitorquis

Abstract

A novel lectin (ABL) was purified from the dried fruiting bodies of Agaricus bitorquis. An efficient 3-step purification protocol involved two consecutive steps of ion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose and SP-Sepharose and gel filtration by FPLC on Superdex 75. ABL is a monomeric protein with the molecular mass of 27.6 kDa, which is different from other lectins from genus Agaricus. Its N-terminal amino acid sequence is EYTISIRVYQTNPKGFNRPV which is unique and sharing considerably high similarity of other mushroom lectins. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was inhibited by inulin. Based on hemagglutination tests, ABL prefers rabbit, human type A, and AB erythrocytes to human type B and O erythrocytes. The lectin inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and the proliferation of leukemia cell (L1210) with an IC50 value of 4.69 and 4.97 μM, respectively. Furthermore, ABL demonstrates the highest mitogenic activity with a response of 24177.7 ± 940.6 [3H-methyl] thymidine counts per minute (CPM) at a concentration of 0.91 μM.

A purified lectin with larvicidal activity from a woodland mushroom, Agaricus semotus Fr.

“…semotus lectin (ASL) exhibited a non-specific agglutination towards the human ABO erythrocytes, characteristics mainly associated with an unique group of promiscuous lectins (panalectins), which have been identified mainly in plants, but rarely in mushrooms (Kuku et al 2000;Akinyoola et al 2016;Oladokun et al 2019). However, lectins have been already identified and isolated within the genus Agaricus, there is not any previous report on the lectins of A. semotus (Kawagishi et al 1988;Mikiashvili et al 2006;Nakamura-Tsuruta et al 2006;Zhang et al 2019).…”

Lectins Are the Sparkle of Hope for Combating Coronaviruses and the Global COVID 19

“…Furthermore, lectins from mushrooms can act as immunomodulators by activating Tlymphocyte or stimulating dendrites or cytokines, as in Table 2. 52 Nowadays, the transport of Ca 2+ by SARS-CoV has been documented to activate inflammasome stimulation. It has been proposed that the cytokine is related to infected patients by SARS-CoV-2.…”

Purification, Molecular and Biochemical Characterization and Biological Applications of Hemagglutinating Lectin With Anticancer Activities From Pleurotus Ostreatus

“…This suggested that POL is a monomeric protein composed of one subunit. In a close study carried out by Zhang et al (2019) Agaricus bitorquis lectin was found to be a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 27.6 kDa. Mushroom lectins isolated from different mushroom species vary in molecular masses, subunit number and carbohydrate specificity (Yang et al 2009).…”

“…A few lectins are multimeric such as the novel hexameric lectin isolated from Ganoderma lucidum with a molecular weight of 114-kDa. To date, a lectin from Pholiota squarrosa possesses the lowest molecular mass of 4.5 kDa (Zhang et al, 2019). (6.5, 16, 30, 37, 52, 66, 95, 130, 175 and 270).…”

“…Carbohydrate specificity of mushroom lectins has been extensively reviewed by Singh et al (2019) and Hassan et al (2015). Mushroom lectins have been reported to exhibit potent antiviral activity (Hassan et al 2015), mitogenicity (Zhang et al, 2019), modulation of immune cells and in therapeutics (Wang et al 2019). There is voluminous literature pertaining to applications of lectins from mushrooms in terms of its antiproliferative activity (Singh et al, 2016), immune stimulating potential, antimicrobial, antioxidant and therapeutic effects.…”