An investigation by telementering of the activity of some muscles in walking

“…Tomlinson, 1971, 1972, but there is no similar information on the distribution of the centre of gravity during walking. Battye and Joseph (1966) described minor differences between the sexes in the distribution of muscular activity during the walking cycle but their findings have no obvious relevance. The unheralded and comprehensive nature of the falls need not implv central failure to maintain the muscular activity necessary for the upright posture, as the unpleasant childish trick of a sharp tap behind the braced knee can result in falling in the unwary and is unlikely to involve the reticular formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cryptogenic Drop Attacks: An Affliction of Women

Stevens¹,

Matthews²

1973

BMJ

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In all but one patient, falls occurred only when walking. They were not due to wearing high-heeled shoes. The average age at onset was 44 5 years and in younger women onset was often during pregnancy. The accepted causes of drop attacks were not found with certainty in any of these patients.The sex incidence and the circumstances of the falls suggest that the cause may lie in differences between the two sexes in the mechanism of walking rather than in any central disturbance. Drop attacks in women commonly occur as an isolated symptom for many years, and although distressig have no serious prognostic implicatio

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“…The activity of the muscles in the lower limb was investigated using a telemetering technique by Battye and Joseph (1966). They found that the quadriceps muscle contracts during the first half of the support phase of walking with sometimes a second shorter period of contraction just before the end of this phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-articular pressure in rheumatoid arthritis of the knee. 3. Pressure changes during joint use.

Jayson¹,

Dixon²

1970

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

151

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Royal Infirmary1Studies of pressure/volume relationships in control and diseased knees have demonstrated significant alterations in joint elastance (Jayson and Dixon, 1970). However, these studies were performed at rest and did not give information about changes in intra-articular pressure during joint use. One would never consider measurements in the stopped heart as adequate for study of its physiology, and similarly measurements in the resting joint present an incomplete picture. A further study was, therefore, conducted of the changes in intra-articular pressure occurring during both a standard series of exercises and walking. Subjects studiedMeasurements during formal knee exercises were performed on nine knees from eight control subjects and on sixteen knees from sixteen patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis (Ropes, Bennett, Cobb, Jacox, and Jessar, 1959). They weie repeated on one control and one rheumatoid knee after intervals of 4 and 3 months. The repeated studies demonstrated that the results were reproducible but were not used for the statistical analysis. In nine rheumatoid knees, these investigations were performed immediately after initial joint aspiration, but in the others and in all the control knees they immediately followed measurement of the pressure/volume relationships described by Jayson and Dixon (1970).Measurements of pressures during walking were made in six control and four rheumatoid knees. Both knees from one control subject were used and showed similar results. In four of the control knees and in one rheumatoid knee measurements had also been made during formal exercises. MethodIn all studies the techniques for cannulating the joint, recording the intra articular pressure, and adding and withdrawing effusion, were as described by Jayson and Dixon (1970). Measurement of the pressures produced with each movement were made, when possible, with volumes of simulated effusion of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ml. On some occasions additional readings were taken at narrower intervals. Some subjects were unable to tolerate large volumes of simulated effusion and in others joint rupture occurred so that useful readings were obtained only at lower volumes.During the formal exercises four manoeuvres were performed in a regular sequence at each volume: elevation of the extended leg, isometric elevation, quadriceps setting, and passive knee flexion. In these and other studies this last movement appeared particularly likely to cause joint rupture and was therefore discontinued after nine experiments.Elevation of the leg The subject was encouraged to relax completely with the knee extended. He was then instructed to elevate the extended lovwer limb if possible so that the hip was flexed to 900, and to hold this position for 5 seconds before slowly lowering the leg back onto the couch and relaxing. With larger volumes of simulated effusion, some subjects developed increasing difficulty and were unable to maintain the knee in the fully extended position (00) during elevation. There w...

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An investigation by telementering of the activity of some muscles in walking

Cited by 64 publications

References 1 publication

The Function of the Muscles of the Lower Leg in Relation to Movements of the Tarsus

The Function of the Muscles of the Lower Leg in Relation to Movements of the Tarsus

Cryptogenic Drop Attacks: An Affliction of Women

Intra-articular pressure in rheumatoid arthritis of the knee. 3. Pressure changes during joint use.

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