An investigation into artefacts formed during gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of firearms propellant that contains diphenylamine as the stabiliser

Pigou, Paul E.; Dennison, Genevieve H.; Johnston, Martin R.; Kobus, Hilton

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.08.013

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…They found that adhesive tape, which is the typical collection method for IGSR, collected the most OGSR in comparison to the other substrates. Pigou et al performed a study using GC/MS which investigated the potential formation of artifacts during the analysis of propellant from ammunition cartridges . They found that the formation of artifacts was possible and stated that while these artifacts do not interfere with identifying propellant conclusively, such artifact formation could lead to problems when trying to correlate the analyzed sample to a reference sample.…”

Section: Gunshot Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Locard’s Exchange Principle: Recent Developments in Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis

et al. 2018

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Section: Gunshot Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Locard’s Exchange Principle: Recent Developments in Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis

et al. 2018

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“…Mass spectra of diphenylamine are commonly reported in the literature (calcd m / z 170.0969). − Using the DSA-ToF, DPA exhibited simple ionization behavior in positive-ion mode, with a single peak for the protonated molecular ion very much dominating the spectra (meas m / z 170.0970, n = 5, Δppm +0.57). DPA is also known to produce a fragment ion at m / z ∼92, assigned to [C 6 H 5 NH] + , resulting from the loss of a benzyl moiety from the protonated parent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Armed with the Facts: A Method for the Analysis of Smokeless Powders by Ambient Mass Spectrometry

Bonnar

Popelka-Filcoff

Kirkbride

2020

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The work presented here follows several others in investigating what capabilities, if any, ambient mass spectrometry might have toward the analysis of compounds commonly associated with smokeless propellant powders. This family of instrumental techniques has attracted curiosity from the field of forensic science due to its desirable properties such as rapid collection of information-rich data, combined with minimal requirements for sample mass and preparation. Experiments were conducted with a "Direct Sample Analysis" ion source integrated with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The ionization behaviors of nitroglycerin, methyl and ethyl centralite, akardite, diphenylamine, nitrosodiphenylamine, and nitrated diphenylamine derivatives were investigated specifically, with accuratemass data presented for each. Diphenylamine standards were used to demonstrate the performance of this instrument, which exhibited good response linearity across 1 order of magnitude and sub-nanogram detection limits. Thirty smokeless powder extracts, recovered from ammunition potentially in circulation within Australia, were analyzed to determine whether the technique is appropriate for rapid analysis of smokeless powder particles. Results demonstrated that the technique might be applied to compare individual particles with each other or to a database. Such a capability may be of value in the examination of explosive devices containing smokeless powder, postblast residues therefrom, or muzzle discharge from a close-range shooting. However, when efforts were made to detect residues from the hands of a volunteer shooter, only some returned positive results, and a high background signal from the sample collection stub indicates that detection using this instrument is thus far insufficiently reliable.

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“…Further, calibration of DPA using this technique showed wide range linear response (100-5000 mg L À 1 ) and hence, DPA can be detected over a wide range of concentration in propellant samples. By using GC-MS technique, the contamination of the inlet liner and any artefact formation in the firearm propellant containing DPA or others was monitored [17]. Quantitative detection of stabilizer like DPA, DPA-derivative, centralite in gunpowder was done by HP-TLC by comparing the positions of peaks and the quantitative estimation was done by comparing the area of the spot with the standard [18].…”

Section: Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using GC‐MS technique, the contamination of the inlet liner and any artefact formation in the firearm propellant containing DPA or others was monitored [17]. Quantitative detection of stabilizer like DPA, DPA‐derivative, centralite in gunpowder was done by HP‐TLC by comparing the positions of peaks and the quantitative estimation was done by comparing the area of the spot with the standard [18].…”

Section: Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Diphenyl Amine (DPA) Stabilizer in Propellants – A Minireview

Hande

Samui

2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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There is concern about the aged propellants as the proportion of stabilizer, diphenyl amine (DPA), keeps on reducing while maintaining the propellant formulation safe. This is a very important issue as it keeps the propellant as well as the surrounding safe from any possible mishap. Therefore, the determination of residual DPA/DPA derivatives in the propellant is of utmost importance. Various attempts have been made to determine residual DPA/derivatives content in the propellant. In this review the detection methods have been compiled and analysed for their implications, detection limit and standard deviation. The methods attempted for detection comprise volumetric, chromatographic, electroanalytical, spectroscopic and thermoanalytical techniques. The volumetric method was tried in the initial attempts by adopting chemical reactions. Chromatographic methods were reported by adopting different procedures and variations. These have been discussed in details. Electroanalytical methods have become one of the important techniques to determine the residual DPA that has been discussed in detail with incorporation of various modifications. Spectroscopic methods were also deployed to determine the DPA content in the propellant. The methods, being very straight forward and clean, have been considered effective in determination. Differential scanning calorimetry has also been tried for finding the DPA content in the propellant sample by adopting different combinations, which is also incorporated for discussion in this paper.

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An investigation into artefacts formed during gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of firearms propellant that contains diphenylamine as the stabiliser

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Toward Locard’s Exchange Principle: Recent Developments in Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis

Toward Locard’s Exchange Principle: Recent Developments in Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis

Armed with the Facts: A Method for the Analysis of Smokeless Powders by Ambient Mass Spectrometry

Determination of Diphenyl Amine (DPA) Stabilizer in Propellants – A Minireview

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