An investigation into the Role of the Acid Catalyst on the Structure and Anticorrosion Properties of Hybrid Sol-Gel Coatings

Cullen, Maikki; Kaworek, Alicja; Mohan, Joseph; Duffy, Brendan; Oubaha, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2021.138703

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The sol–gel material was prepared by the combination of MAPTMS and a zirconium complex, prepared from the chelation of ZPO with MAAH, as reported by Cullen et al [ 56 ]. The prepared sol–gel was then functionalized with APTES at different concentrations and diluted in IPA, as illustrated in ESI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of a Sol–Gel-Functionalized Glass Carbon Electrode Probe for Sensing Ultra-Trace Amounts of NH3 and NH4+ in Water

Alwael,

Oubaha,

El-Shahawi

2024

Gels

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This study centers on the development and characterization of an innovative electrochemical sensing probe composed of a sensing mesoporous functional sol–gel coating integrated onto a glassy carbon electrode (sol–gel/GCE) for the detection of NH3 and/or NH4+ in water. The main interest for integrating a functional sol–gel coating onto a GCE is to increase the selective and sensing properties of the GCE probe towards NH3 and/or NH4+ ions. The structure and surface morphology of the newly developed sol–gel/GCE probe were characterized employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), while the electrochemical sensing properties were evaluated by Berthelot’s reaction, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and adsorptive square wave–anodic striping voltammetry (Ads SW–ASV). It is shown that the newly developed sol–gel coating is homogeneously deposited on the GCE with a sub-micron and uniform thickness close to 630 nm and a surface roughness of 25 nm. The sensing testing of the sol–gel/GCE probe showed limits of detection and limits of quantitation of 1.7 and 5.56 nM of NH4+, respectively, as well as a probe sensitivity of 5.74 × 10−1 μA/μM cm−2. The developed probe was fruitfully validated for the selective detection of NH3/NH4+ in fresh and sea water samples. Computed Student texp (0.45–1.25) and Fexp (1.69–1.78) (n = 5) tests were less than the theoretical ttab (2.78) and Ftab (6.39) at 95% probability.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of a Sol–Gel-Functionalized Glass Carbon Electrode Probe for Sensing Ultra-Trace Amounts of NH3 and NH4+ in Water

Alwael,

Oubaha,

El-Shahawi

2024

Gels

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“…Gels 2024, 10, 315 2 of 18 For anticorrosion application, in addition to the chemical resistance, mechanical strength and adhesion to metal substrates, coatings require hydrophobicity to reduce interactions between the metal surface and corrosive agents, usually entrapped in water [15][16][17]. Amongst the numerous anticorrosion sol-gel coatings reported in the state of the art, a formulation based on the combination of 3-trimethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate and a zirconium complex has been intensively investigated and has shown exceptional performances for the protection of aluminium alloys against corrosion [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Different strategies have been employed to improve the anticorrosion barrier properties of this formulation, including varying the ratio of the Si/Zr [18,19], the hydrolysis conditions [20], the nature of the chelating agent [21,22], the incorporation of anticorrosion compounds [23], and silanes such as TEOS [24,26] and diphenylsilanediol [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on the Impact of a Series of Alkoxysilane Precursors on the Structure, Morphology and Wettability of an Established Zirconium-Modified Hybrid Anticorrosion Sol–Gel Coating

Alwael,

MacHugh,

El-Shahawi

et al. 2024

Gels

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The current study reports on the impact of a series of functional alkoxysilanes on the wettability and structure of a well-established silicon/zirconium hybrid anticorrosion sol–gel coating. The selected functional alkoxysilanes comprise tetra ethylorthosilicate (TEOS), 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) and are incorporated at various concentrations (1, 5, 10 and 20%) within the silicon/zirconium sol–gel material. The prepared materials are successfully processed as coatings and cured at different temperatures in the range of 100–150 °C. The characterisation of the structures and surfaces is performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), silicon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (29Si-NMR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and static water contact angle (WCA). Structural characterisations (DLS, FTIR,29Si-NMR) show that the functional alkoxysilanes effectively bind at the surface of the reference sol–gel material, resulting in the formation of functional core–shell nanoparticles. WCA results show that the hydrophobic properties of all materials decrease with curing temperature, and AFM analysis demonstrated that this behaviour is associated with a decrease in roughness. The physico-chemical processes taking place are critically assigned and discussed.

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“…The presence of zirconium also affects the coating composition, mechanical (Bae et al, 2011;Gorin et al, 2011) and corrosion properties (Oubaha et al, 2014;Rodič et al, 2014a;Rodič et al, 2014b;Rodič and Milošev, 2015;Rodič et al, 2018a;Rodič et al, 2018b;Varma et al, 2010a;Varma et al, 2010b). In previous work, the coatings were synthesised using silicon precursors tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), organically modified silicon precursor 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS), without or with the addition of zirconium(IV) n-propoxide (ZTP) chelated with methacrylic acid (MAA) (Cullen et al, 2017;Cullen et al, 2018;Cullen et al, 2021;Rodič et al, 2014a;Rodič et al, 2014b;Rodič and Milošev, 2015;Rodič et al, 2018b). The hydrolysis and condensation reactions were characterised using real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to postulate the mechanism of final sol formation and curing in the form of coating (Rodič et al, 2014a;Rodič et al, 2014b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Sol-Gel Acrylic Coatings Based on Si and Zr Investigated Using Electrochemical Impedance, Infrared and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopies

Rodič¹,

Zanna²,

Milošev³

et al. 2021

Front. Mater.

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This study aimed to synthesise and characterise two types of sol-gel acrylic coatings: one based on Si and the other based on Si and Zr. These coatings, which served as a barrier for corrosion protection of aluminium, were synthesised by sol-gel methodology using silicon precursors tetraethyl orthosilicate and organically modified silicon precursor 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, without and with the addition of zirconium(IV) n-propoxide chelated with methacrylic acid. The synthesis process was followed using real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which confirmed the condensation reactions of Si–O–Si and Si–O–Zr networks, depending on the sol type. This was reflected in the composition of the coating as well, as shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The coating topography, thickness and morphology were analysed using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to follow the degradation of acrylic coatings upon immersion in sodium chloride solution. Corrosion properties, evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 0.1 M NaCl, confirmed high barrier protection of coated aluminium with acrylic coatings based on Si and even better for coating based on Si with Zr. The more durable corrosion protection of the latter was also confirmed by salt spray testing.

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An investigation into the Role of the Acid Catalyst on the Structure and Anticorrosion Properties of Hybrid Sol-Gel Coatings

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Development and Characterization of a Sol–Gel-Functionalized Glass Carbon Electrode Probe for Sensing Ultra-Trace Amounts of NH3 and NH4+ in Water

Development and Characterization of a Sol–Gel-Functionalized Glass Carbon Electrode Probe for Sensing Ultra-Trace Amounts of NH3 and NH4+ in Water

Investigations on the Impact of a Series of Alkoxysilane Precursors on the Structure, Morphology and Wettability of an Established Zirconium-Modified Hybrid Anticorrosion Sol–Gel Coating

Degradation of Sol-Gel Acrylic Coatings Based on Si and Zr Investigated Using Electrochemical Impedance, Infrared and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopies

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