An investigation of the influence of matrix properties and fibre–matrix interface behaviour on the mechanical performance of carbon fibre-reinforced PEKK and PEEK composites

Ramaswamy, Karthik; Modi, Vedant; Rao, Pavan S.; Martín, Pedro Luis; McCarthy, Conor T.; O’Higgins, Ronan M.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.107359

Cited by 35 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This indicates that CF/PEKK had delay crack initiation at the fibre/matrix compared with CF/PEEK, resulting in higher peak fo and damage resistance. Also, the damage resistance of CF/PEKK was due to the rigid and ductility of the PEKK resin compared with the PEEK resin, and the PEKK re exhibited high failure strains compared with the PEEK resin [17]. Figure 4 shows the post-impact images of the impacted and opposite sides (bottom surfaces).…”

Section: Impact Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, comparing the CF/PEEK and CF/PEKK laminates, the former showed a brooming failure, whereas the latter showed a kink-band formation. The difference in the failure mechanisms is due to the higher ductility of the PEKK matrix, as reported in [17].…”

Section: Compressive Strength Recoverymentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Toyoda et al [20] investi However, more research is required to develop efficient and reliable composite repair methods, enabling safer, lighter, and more efficient repair solutions for next-generation composite structures. The processing advantages offered by thermoplastics for high throughput and their inherent recyclability make them an increasingly attractive option for aircraft structures [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Aerostructures are susceptible to impact damage in-service, leading to catastrophic failures, thus, creating a need for the development of suitable repair techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) are semi-crystalline polymers belonging to the poly-aryl-ether-ketone (PAEK) family. Relative to other engineering polymers, PEEK and PEKK have extraordinary mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, making them suitable for aeronautical applications [17]. Relative to PEEK, PEKK has a higher glass transition (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) due to a higher ketone ratio and better permeation and wear properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repair of Impacted Thermoplastic Composite Laminates Using Induction Welding

Modi,

Bandaru,

Ramaswamy

et al. 2023

Polymers

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The lack of well-developed repair techniques limits the use of thermoplastic composites in commercial aircraft, although trends show increased adoption of composite materials. In this study, high-performance thermoplastic composites, viz., carbon fibre (CF) reinforced Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) and Polyether ether ketone (PEEK), were subjected to low-velocity impact tests at 20 J. Post-impact, the damaged panels were repaired using an induction welder by applying two different methods: induction welding of a circular patch to the impacted area of the laminate (RT-1); and induction welding of the impacted laminates under the application of heat and pressure (RT-2). The panels were subjected to compression-after-impact and repair (CAI-R), and the results are compared with those from the compression-after-impact (CAI) tests. For CF/PEKK, the RT-1 and RT-2 resulted in a 13% and 7% higher strength, respectively, than the value for CAI. For CF/PEEK, the corresponding values for RT-1 and RT-2 were higher by 13% and 17%, respectively. Further analysis of the damage and repair techniques using ultrasonic C-scans and CAI-R tests indicated that induction welding can be used as a repair technique for industrial applications. The findings of this study are promising for use in aerospace and automotive applications.

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Section: Impact Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compressive Strength Recoverymentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Repair of Impacted Thermoplastic Composite Laminates Using Induction Welding

Modi,

Bandaru,

Ramaswamy

et al. 2023

Polymers

Self Cite

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“…The PEKK bio-materials exhibit ultra-high efficacy among all thermoplastic composites for great mechanical durability, resistance to chemicals, and high thermal stability. 10 They have very good properties to absorb superior shock and resistance to fracture. 11,12 As a potential high-performance thermoplastic matrix solution for advanced composites, a unique semicrystalline PEKK polymer has been developed.…”

Section: Role Of Poly-ether-ketone-ketonementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on para‐aramid fiber‐reinforced poly‐ether ketone‐ketone high‐performance composite for ballistic application

Mandal,

Bhowmik,

Ramu

2024

Polymer Composites

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This investigation highlights the performance of high‐performance polymeric composite for ballistic application. Therefore, reinforcement of para‐aramid fiber in poly‐ether‐ketone‐ketone (PEKK) resin film has been made. The surface of PEKK and para‐aramid fiber was modified by low‐pressure plasma to enhance the surface energy of the polymeric film and reinforcement fiber. The polymeric composite was manufactured by compression molding with a pressure of 2 bar, temperature of 310°C with holding time of 15 min. Due to low‐pressure plasma treatment of PEKK film and para‐aramid fiber, the tensile strength of the composites increases considerably. In the accelerated aging test, the tensile specimens are dipped into concentrated HNO3 and NaOH medium for 15 days. It is observed that there is a decrease in tensile strength. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the virgin specimen was compared to the environmentally aged for 15 days and in this case, also there was a decrease in tensile strength. Two types of composite panels were made (i) 25 layers of PEKK film with 24 layers of para‐aramid fabric and (ii) 45 layers of PEKK film with 44 layers of para‐aramid fabric with 15 mm × 15 mm. The composite panel was tested with four 9 mm handgun bullets fired from a distance of 5 meters with a speed of 430 m/s. In the case of 25 layers of PEKK film with 24 layers of para‐aramid fabric, the composite failed under ballistic test, however, in the case of 45 layers of PEKK film with 44 layers of para‐aramid fabric, the composite was successful under ballistic test.Highlights Film stacking method of PEKK and Aramid fiber. Ballistic composite panel with layers of PEKK and Aramid fiber. Enhancement of mechanical properties of the composite panel with plasma surface treatment. Ballistic testing of composite panel.

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Interfacial strengthening and processing of carbon fibers reinforced poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) composites: A mini‐review

Dang,

Sun,

Liu

2024

Polymer Composites

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Carbon fibers/poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) (CF/PEEK) composites have the advantages of excellent impact resistance, good moisture and heat resistance, ultra‐short molding cycle and recyclable secondary processing. Therefore, the investigation on CF/PEEK composites is an important development direction of low‐cost and high‐performance polymer‐based composites. However, due to the strong surface inertness of CF and the poor interface compatibility between CF and PEEK matrix, the mechanical properties of CF/PEEK composites are low. Moreover, PEEK matrix has the high melting point and large viscosity, making the processing of CF/PEEK composites very difficult. In this paper, the factors affecting the interfacial properties of CF/PEEK composites, the surface functionalization modification methods of CF, and the design & synthesis of interfacial compatibilizer are reviewed. The research progress and related academic achievements in interfacial strengthening and additive manufacturing technology of CF/PEEK composites are emphatically discussed. Finally, the development trends and application prospects of CF/PEEK composites are summarized.Highlights CF/PEEK composite is the key material for industry and infrastructure. The factors affecting the interface interaction between PEEK and CF. The methods of interface strengthening for CF/PEEK composites. The additive manufacturing technology of CF/PEEK composites. The development trends and application of CF/PEEK composites.

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An investigation of the influence of matrix properties and fibre–matrix interface behaviour on the mechanical performance of carbon fibre-reinforced PEKK and PEEK composites

Cited by 35 publications

References 71 publications

Repair of Impacted Thermoplastic Composite Laminates Using Induction Welding

Repair of Impacted Thermoplastic Composite Laminates Using Induction Welding

Investigation on para‐aramid fiber‐reinforced poly‐ether ketone‐ketone high‐performance composite for ballistic application

Interfacial strengthening and processing of carbon fibers reinforced poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) composites: A mini‐review

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