An investigation of the probability of reciprocation in a risk-reduction model of sharing

Gender Differences in a Risk-Reduction Model of Sharing

“…These results are generally congruent with the predictions of the risk-reduction model, which suggests that individuals should engage in sharing when it reduces the variability of food outcomes and, in turn, reduces the risk of experiencing a shortfall (Winterhalder, 1986). In addition, the current study provides further evidence that human sharing using monetary outcomes in a laboratory setting can be accounted for by the risk-reduction model (e.g., Jimenez & Pietras, 2017, 2018Kameda et al, 2002;Kaplan et al, 2012;Pietras et al, 2006;Suleiman et al, 2015;Ward et al, 2009), as well as risksensitive choice laid out by the energy-budget rule (e.g., Deditius-Island et al, 2007;Ermer et al, 2008;Mishra & Fiddick, 2012;Mishra & Lalumiere, 2010;Pietras & Hackenberg, 2001;Pietras et al, 2003Pietras et al, , 2008Rode et al, 1999;Wang, 2002). Although it is interesting to note that the current participants' preference for the sharing option when experiencing a positive budget (M ¼ 5.05) was lower than in Jimenez and Pietras (2017) using the exact same methodology, M ¼ 5.54 (Exp 1); M ¼ 6.21 (Exp 2).…”

“…Jimenez and Pietras found that individuals' sharing behavior was congruent with the energy-budget rule, regardless of who the partner was or the inequity in payout. Similarly, Jimenez and Pietras (2018) demonstrated that the probability of reciprocation by the partner only influenced sharing behavior when the probability no longer led to a reduction in shortfall risk.…”

“…Only a handful of laboratory studies have investigated sharing behavior within the risk-reduction paradigm using monetary or point outcomes ( Jimenez & Pietras, 2017 , 2018 ; Kameda et al, 2002 ; Kaplan et al, 2012 ; Pietras et al, 2006 ; Suleiman et al, 2015 ; Ward et al, 2009 ). Kameda et al, Kaplan et al, and Suleiman et al manipulated the variability of earnings and found that, much like anthropological field studies, when outcomes were unpredictable, individuals were much more likely to share than when outcomes were predictable (i.e., low-variability or fixed).…”

Hope, exploration, and equilibrated action schemes

“…Another factor that may affect the choice of risk-reduction strategy is the level of trust between group members. Jimenez and Pietras (2018) reported that when the probability of reciprocation was low, individuals engaged less in sharing.…”

Food seeking and food sharing under uncertainty

“…Another factor that may affect the choice of risk-reduction strategy is the level of trust between group members. Jimenez and Pietras (2018) reported that when the probability of reciprocation was low, individuals engaged less in sharing.…”