An Investigation of Turbulent Taylor-Couette Flow Using Laser Doppler Velocimetry in a Refractive Index Matched Facility

Parker, Joseph C.; Merati, Parviz

doi:10.1115/1.2835513

Cited by 50 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…NaI like many iodides undergoes photodissociation, oxidizing in the presence of light (Chen and Fan 1992). This can, however, be counteracted through the addition of 0.1 g of sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ) per L (Ghatage et al 2014;Narrow et al 2000;Parker and Merati 1996). The precipitation of iodide can also be reduced by the addition of 20 mg of ascorbic acid per cm 3 of salt solution (Jacobs et al 1988).…”

Section: Aqueous and Hydrophilic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical NaI solutions matching the RI of PMMA have concentrations in the range of 60.0-64.8 wt%, yielding a RI in the range 1.485-1.491 (Imao et al 1996;Parker and Merati 1996;Uzol et al 2002;Mehta et al 2007;Uzol et al 2007;Soranna et al 2008;Yuki et al 2008;Wu et al 2009;Amatya and Longmire 2010;Wu et al 2011Wu et al , 2012Yuki et al 2011;Yuan et al 2012;Tomac and Gregory 2014). A detailed study of the use of NaI for RI matching (aimed at PIV measurements) over an even wider RI range (1.330-1.510) was performed by Bai and Katz (2014), who also matched NaI solutions to three optical solids formed from resins with RIs in the range 1.495-1.508.…”

Section: Aqueous and Hydrophilic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows

2017

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Experimental techniques based on optical measurement principles have experienced significant growth in recent decades. They are able to provide detailed information with high-spatiotemporal resolution on important scalar (e.g., temperature, concentration, and phase) and vector (e.g., velocity) fields in single-phase or multiphase flows, as well as interfacial characteristics in the latter, which has been instrumental to step-changes in our fundamental understanding of these flows, and the development and validation of advanced models with ever-improving predictive accuracy and reliability. Relevant techniques rely upon well-established optical methods such as direct photography, laser-induced fluorescence, laser Doppler velocimetry/phase Doppler anemometry, particle image/tracking velocimetry, and variants thereof. The accuracy of the resulting data depends on numerous factors including, importantly, the refractive indices of the solids and liquids used. The best results are obtained when the observational materials have closely matched refractive indices, including test-section walls, liquid phases, and any suspended particles. This paper reviews solid–liquid and solid–liquid–liquid refractive-index-matched systems employed in different fields, e.g., multiphase flows, turbomachinery, bio-fluid flows, with an emphasis on liquid–liquid systems. The refractive indices of various aqueous and organic phases found in the literature span the range 1.330–1.620 and 1.251–1.637, respectively, allowing the identification of appropriate combinations to match selected transparent or translucent plastics/polymers, glasses, or custom materials in single-phase liquid or multiphase liquid–liquid flow systems. In addition, the refractive indices of fluids can be further tuned with the use of additives, which also allows for the matching of important flow similarity parameters such as density and viscosity

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Section: Aqueous and Hydrophilic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aqueous and Hydrophilic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows

2017

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“…The MIR technique is not new; Corino and Brodkey (1969) employed it to measure turbulence structure in a circular tube. Recent applications of the technique include, but are not limited to, those of Durst, Jovanovic, and Sender (1993), Parker and Merati (1996), Cui and Adrian (1997), and Becker et al (2002).…”

Section: Inl Mir Flow Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated Uncertainties in the Idaho National Laboratory Matched-Index-of-Refraction Lower Plenum Experiment

McEligot¹,

McIlroy²,

Johnson³

2007

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The purpose of the fluid dynamics experiments in the MIR (Matched-Index-of-Refraction) flow system at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is to develop benchmark databases for the assessment of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solutions of the momentum equations, scalar mixing, and turbulence models for typical Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) plenum geometries in the limiting case of negligible buoyancy and constant fluid properties. The experiments use optical techniques, primarily particle image velocimetry (PIV) in the INL MIR flow system. The benefit of the MIR technique is that it permits optical measurements to determine flow characteristics in passages and around objects to be obtained without locating a disturbing transducer in the flow field and without distortion of the optical paths. The objective of the present report is to develop understanding of the magnitudes of experimental uncertainties in the results to be obtained in such experiments. Unheated MIR experiments are first steps when the geometry is complicated. One does not want to use a computational technique, which will not even handle constant properties properly. This report addresses the general background, requirements for benchmark databases, estimation of experimental uncertainties in mean velocities and turbulence quantities, the MIR experiment, PIV uncertainties, positioning uncertainties, and other contributing measurement uncertainties.The accuracy of the velocity field determination is ultimately limited by the ability of the scattering particles to follow the unsteady motion of the continuous phase. For the particles in the MIR VHTR experiment, the estimated cutoff frequency is about 40 kHz. The frequency of shedding from the posts in the MIR model is estimated to be of the order of 1 Hz and, therefore, the particles should follow the flow.Based on review of the literature, we estimate that the random uncertainty in measured particle displacement for our system and experiment is about 0.3 pixel for a single realization away from the walls. As an example, we estimated the uncertainties in measurements for the maximum velocity in an inlet jet flow operating at about its minimum flow rate. Consequently, this example would provide worst-case estimates in some senses. For the uncertainty in the mean velocity at this location, one could report With the current MIR model and the 3D PIV system, McIlroy and colleagues examined the effects of sample size for a typical set of measurements. Trends were generally as observed by Uzol and Camci. Preliminary conclusions were that (for this view and processing parameters) about 750 images should be collected to reduce the scatter in mean velocity statistics to between 0.4 and 10% v for velocities greater than about 2 m/s. The trends predicted by an uncertainty analysis are consistent with the observations, but, for the most part, the expected values are less than the scatter observed. Preliminary conclusions from the comparisons are that (1) more samples should be collected than predict...

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“…The MIR technique is not new itself; Corino and Brodkey [1969] employed it to measure turbulence structure in a circular tube earlier. Recent applications of the technique include, but are not limited to, those of Durst, Jovanovic and Sender [1993], Parker and Merati [1996], Cui and Adrian [1997] and Becker et al [1999Becker et al [ , 2002.…”

Section: Ineel Matched-index-of-refraction Flow Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Fundamental Fluid Physics of SNF Storage Canisters

Condie¹,

Creery²,

McEligot³

2001

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SummaryWith the University of Idaho, Ohio State University and Clarksean Associates, this research program has the long-term goal to develop reliable predictive techniques for the energy, mass and momentum transfer plus chemical reactions in drying / passivation (surface oxidation) operations in the transfer and storage of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from wet to dry storage. Such techniques are needed to assist in design of future transfer and storage systems, prediction of the performance of existing and proposed systems and safety (re)evaluation of systems as necessary at later dates.Many fuel element geometries and configurations are accommodated in the storage of spent nuclear fuel. Consequently, there is no one generic fuel element / assembly, storage basket or canister and, therefore, no single generic fuel storage configuration. One can, however, identify generic flow phenomena or processes which may be present during drying or passivation in SNF canisters. The objective of the INEEL tasks was to obtain fundamental measurements of these flow processes in appropriate parameter ranges.With the University of Idaho, an idealization of a combined drying and passivation approach has been defined in order to investigate the generic flow processes. This simulation includes flow phenomena that occur in canisters for high-enrichment and medium-enrichment fuels, where fuel element spacing in the canister is increased as compared with low enrichment fuel. Canister diameter was taken as 46 cm (18 in.) and a single basket of about 1.3 meters (4 ft.) length was considered. A long central tube ("dip tube") served as the inlet as in one earlier concept for a passivation process; while this concept apparently has not yet been selected for application, it provides an excellent example of the coupled, complex phenomena which may be present in canister flows. Suggested design flow rates for this hypothesized application indicate that the Reynolds number in the inlet tube would be expected to be between 2500 and 5000, i.e., relatively low.The local distributions of convective mass transfer characteristics (drying/passivation) are expected to depend on the freestream turbulence in the flow around stored fuel elements. The magnitudes of this turbulence depend on the turbulence distributions on the upstream side of the perforated basket support plate ("inlet plenum") and, in turn, in the impinging jet and in the inlet tube. This information can assist engineers in understanding variations of surface drying and passivation through an array and approaches to modify designs to counter non-uniformities and to improve iii distribution, as well as providing bases for assessment of computational fluid dynamics codes proposed for the purpose.A water-flow experiment with a 3/4-scale model (relative to the idealized canister) has been used for overall flow visualization and velocity measurements, with and without an array of simulated fuel elements. Observations have been made with perforated plates (representing basket support plates) having...

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An Investigation of Turbulent Taylor-Couette Flow Using Laser Doppler Velocimetry in a Refractive Index Matched Facility

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows

A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows

Estimated Uncertainties in the Idaho National Laboratory Matched-Index-of-Refraction Lower Plenum Experiment

Measurements of Fundamental Fluid Physics of SNF Storage Canisters

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