An investigation on gamma attenuation of soil and oil-soil samples

Abstract

In this work, the gamma mass attenuation coefficient is investigated experimentally and theoretically for soil and oil-soil samples have been collected from different locations of Kirkuk city of Iraq. The oil-soil samples have been collected from some oil stations in Kirkuk oil field. The experimental measurements have been performed to obtain mass attenuation coefficients, using gamma spectrometer contains shielded NaI (Tl) detector at the energies of 59.5, 356.5, 662, 1173 and 1332 keV. Theoretically, the simulation results of mass attenuation coefficient using XCOM and Geant4 codes have been compared with experimental results and good agreement has been observed especially for Monte Carlo simulations code Geant4.

Determining of radioactivity and the accompanying radiological hazards in the sediments of the Euphrates River and wells in Babylon governorate – Iraq

“…It operates with an operating voltage 2100 V. The germanium detector is surrounded by a lead shield (12 x 50 x 50 cm) to isolate the background radiation from the samples for accurate measurement. The inside lead shield is covered with a layer of copper and a layer of cadmium to attenuate the X-rays [16] [1]. The sensitivity of the detector is about 0.5 Bq, and the detector is cooled to 77 K using liquid nitrogen.…”

“…Radionuclides threaten human life at high concentrations, and studies are needed to measure these species and ensure the health of soil, irrigation water, drinking water, river sediments, and building materials. [1] Active radionuclides are unevenly distributed in earth's crust. Knowing their spread and presence in the soil and rocks can prevent exposure dangers.…”

Attenuation Parameters and Effective Atomic Numbers of Concretes Containing Pumice for Some Photon Energies by Experiment, Simulation and Calculation

“…Since it is an attractive research field, one can find similar works on determination of radiation shielding properties of various materials via using similar procedures. However, some example studies can be listed as follows: Akkurt ( 2009) studied the effective atomic numbers of different types of steels by experiments and XCOM; Medhat et al (2014) studied on Egyptian soils by using Geant4, FLUKA and XCOM; Taqi et al (2017), also, studied on soils from Iraq experimentally, by XCOM and Geant4 codes; Vahabi et al ( 2017) determined the mass attenuation coefficients of some polymers for several energies by XCOM and MCNP codes; Shamshad et al (2017) made a study to investigate the gamma-ray shielding properties of Gadolinium based glasses on the basis of mass attenuation, effective atomic numbers and electron densities by using XCOM and Geant4; Bagheri et al (2017) used XCOM and MCNP-4C codes for studying attenuation coefficients of Barium-Bismuth based glasses and in their study Ozyurt et al (2018) calculated gammaray attenuation coefficients of some granite samples using GATE and XCOM for three energies.…”

Magnezyotermik indirgeme ile sentezlenen Lantanyum hekzaborür (LaB6) ve Seryum hekzaborür (CeB6) malzemelerinin gama zırhlama özelliklerinin Monte Carlo simülasyonu

“…MCNP-4C kodu, XCOM programı ve mevcut deneysel veriler kullanarak şeffaf koruyucu malzemeler olarak baryum-bizmut-borosilikat camların gama ışını zırhlama özelliklerini incelediler [9]. İlerleyen sürede Petrol-toprak örneklerinin gama zayıflatması davranışı araştırıldı [10]. Lakshminarayana vd.…”