Electrospinning
is a straightforward and versatile method to fabricate ultrafine fibers
with unique physical and chemical properties. However, the chaotic
nature of traditional electrospinning limits its applications in devices
which usually need arranged or patterned micro/nanoscale fibrous structures.
In order to improve the controllable deposition of electrospun fibers,
near-field electrospinning (NFES) has been proposed and developed
in recent years. With characteristics of position-controlled deposition,
NFES significantly expands the range of fiber-fabrication uses including
electronic components, energy harvesting, flexible sensors, and tissue
engineering. In this paper, the basic principle and research advances
of NFES have been briefly reviewed. In particular, we summarize the
process parameters, polymer materials, as-spun fibrous structures,
modified apparatus, and potential applications of NFES. Finally, future
prospects on the development tendency and challenges of NFES are discussed.