An investigation on protective effects of the new killed vaccine against nervous necrosis virus (NNV) using histopathology and immunohistochemistry approach on the brain and eye tissues of Acipenser stellatus Pallas 1771

Afsharipour, E.; Zorriehzahra, Mohammad Jalil; Takami, Ghobad Azari; Kakoolaki, Sh; Motallebi, Abbasali; Sharifpour, I; Faggio, Caterina; Peritore, Alessio Filippo; Paola, Davide Di

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.018

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Inactivated vaccines are vaccines that use physical or chemical methods to inactivate highly virulent pathogenic microorganisms, but they still maintain their immunogenicity and produce specific resistance in aquatic animals after vaccination. Physical inactivation methods include ultraviolet light ( 118 ), high-temperature heating ( 119 – 121 ), ultrasound ( 122 ) and γ-ray ( 123 ). Chemical inactivation is the process of rendering pathogenic bacteria dormant by destroying their nucleic acids or proteins with chemical chemicals.…”

Section: Classification and Preparation Technology Of Aquatic Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status and development prospects of aquatic vaccines

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Diseases are a significant impediment to aquaculture’s sustainable and healthy growth. The aquaculture industry is suffering significant financial losses as a result of the worsening water quality and increasing frequency of aquatic disease outbreaks caused by the expansion of aquaculture. Drug control, immunoprophylaxis, ecologically integrated control, etc. are the principal control strategies for fish infections. For a long time, the prevention and control of aquatic diseases have mainly relied on the use of various antibiotics and chemical drugs. However, long-term use of chemical inputs not only increases pathogenic bacteria resistance but also damages the fish and aquaculture environments, resulting in drug residues in aquatic products, severely impeding the development of the aquaculture industry. The development and use of aquatic vaccines are the safest and most effective ways to prevent aquatic animal diseases and preserve the health and sustainability of aquaculture. To give references for the development and implementation of aquatic vaccines, this study reviews the development history, types, inoculation techniques, mechanisms of action, development prospects, and challenges encountered with aquatic vaccines.

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Section: Classification and Preparation Technology Of Aquatic Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status and development prospects of aquatic vaccines

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…On the other hand, NNV is a small‐sized icosahedral‐shaped (~30 nm), positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA virus (~4 kbp genome size) which causes viral nervous necrosis (VNN) or viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER). Fish populations infected with NNV can have mortality rates of almost 100% (Afsharipour et al, 2021; Taha et al, 2020; Zorriehzahra, 2020). Infected fish are characterized by behavioral abnormalities due to viral impacts on the nervous system (Qin et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing environmental DNA and RNA protocols for the simultaneous detection of fish viruses from seawater

Chen

Tan

et al. 2023

Environmental DNA

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Aquatic viruses are major threats to global aquacultural productivity. While conventional diagnostic methods for disease investigation are laborious, time‐consuming, and often involve the sacrifice of animals, environmental DNA and RNA (eDNA/eRNA) tools have the potential in being non‐invasive alternatives for the effective and early detection of various pathogens simultaneously. In this study, three seawater filtration methods—Sterivex syringe filtration, centrifugal ultrafiltration, and vacuum pump filtration with iron flocculation—were assessed for the recovery rates in co‐detecting fish virus eDNA/eRNA from natural seawater that was spiked with fish red seabream iridovirus (RSIV, DNA virus) and nervous necrosis virus (NNV, RNA virus). The centrifugal ultrafiltration method was the most effective for the capture of small‐sized viruses like NNV with a recovery rate of 63.23%, while the method of vacuum pump filtration with iron flocculation and chloroform disintegration of filter membranes had the highest RSIV recovery rate of 32.61%. We also optimized both automated and manual nucleic acid extraction methods and found comparable eDNA/eRNA extraction efficiencies. Our findings from the systematic comparison of seawater filtration and extraction methods suggest that each seawater filtration/nucleic acid extraction method can cater to different aquatic animal virus surveillance and disease investigation scenarios. These highlight the potential of virus eDNA/eRNA approaches for advancing the field of disease ecology and safeguarding aquatic animal health.

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