An investigation on the processing conditions of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo by electron beam powder bed fusion: Microstructure, defect distribution, mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy

Galati, Manuela; Defanti, Silvio; Saboori, Abdollah; Rizza, Giovanni; Tognoli, Emanuele; Vincenzi, Nicolò; Gatto, Andrea; Iuliano, Luca

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.102564

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Despite the research and developments in Ti alloys processing by the metal AM technologies over the past several years, [24,[50][51][52][53][54] the lack of a comprehensive review article covering all processability elements, from commercial and metallurgical aspects, is felt. In pursuit of this objective, a novel approach is introduced to examine recent research on Ti-6Al-4V and newly processed Ti-based alloys encompassing near-α, α, near-β, α-β, β, and metastable β variants.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adem202301122mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optimized postprocess HIP temperature was 850 °C because it allowed the best mechanical properties with a yield strength of 0.9 GPa, a UTS of ≈1 GPa, and 15–16% elongation. In another work, Galati et al [ 52 ] deeply investigated the processability of Ti6242 alloy. The authors utilized X‐ray computed tomography (CT) analysis to evaluate the specimen density and defects and demonstrated that fully dense products could be manufactured by selecting a proper combination of process parameters for hatch and contour melting ( Figure ).…”

Section: Titanium Alloys Processabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 20. a) Cross-section, b) total volume porosity analysis, c) porosity distribution of the as-built Ti6242 samples obtained by X-Ray CT analysis, and d) light optical micrograph from the cross-section of the as-built samples. Reproduced with permission [52]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys: Processability, Properties, and Applications

Mosallanejad,

Abdi,

Karpasand

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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The restricted number of materials available for additive manufacturing (AM) technologies is a determining impediment to AM growing into sectors and providing supply chain relief. AM, in particular, is regarded as a trustworthy manufacturing technology to replace the traditional ones for Ti alloy components. Furthermore, the AM processability of Ti alloys and their features, such as microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties, is strongly dependent on the chemical composition of the processed alloy. It is essential to consider the ultimate applications as well. β Ti alloys are gaining popularity in the biomedical industry, while α + β Ti alloys are increasingly utilized for producing components in the automotive and aerospace sectors. Consequently, the topic has garnered considerable interest, and the current text reviews the advances during the last 10 years in this area to facilitate the pathway from the demanded Ti alloy to the best‐fit AM procedure. While systematically reviewing the works published in the literature, the current text attempts to establish a link between the production method, feedstock type, chemical composition, and the ultimate application. This review also features practical applications of Ti components produced by metal AM methods and offers prospective possibilities and industrial applications.

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Section: Doi: 101002/adem202301122mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Titanium Alloys Processabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys: Processability, Properties, and Applications

Mosallanejad,

Abdi,

Karpasand

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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“…[7] The appeal of these AM processes stems from their ability to minimize material waste and eliminate the need for postmachining steps. Among the AM techniques, powder bed fusion (PBF) processes, such as selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM), have demonstrated their capability to fabricate various types of titanium alloys, [8] including intermetallic γ-TiAl. [9,10] The ultrahigh cooling rates experienced during SLM and EBM methods result in appreciable microstructure refinement and material strengthening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Cold, Warm, and Hot Deformation Flow Behavior of Selective Laser‐Melted and Electron‐Beam‐Melted Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo Alloy

Roshani,

Abedi,

Saboori

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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The cold, warm, and hot deformation flow behavior and mechanical properties of the Ti‐6242 alloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) are compared. Hot compression tests are conducted over a wide temperature range (100–1000 °C) at a constant strain rate of 0.001 s−1. The yield and overall strength levels of the SLMed specimens are higher than those of the EBMed specimens at all temperatures. A thermally stable region is observed for SLMed specimens in the temperature range of 100–700 °C, but the strength level drops significantly (approximately 300–500 MPa) at above 700 °C. The stability region shifts to the lower temperature range of 100–600°Cfor the EBMed specimens, and strength starts to decrease at 600 °C. Both specimens experience fracture in a cold‐temperature regime but exhibit a high strain tolerance of approximately 0.4. The SLMed samples display a completely brittle behavior at a warm temperature regime, whereas, the EBMed specimens demonstrate better formability, tolerating higher compressive strains. The softening fraction substantially increases at high temperatures, indicating safe domains for thermomechanical processing of additively manufactured Ti6242 alloy.

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“…Powder bed fusion of metals is today well accepted for the construction of components benefiting from structural optimization, [ 1 ] functional integration, [ 2 ] and, more in general, innovative conception. [ 3,4 ] Its applications are rapidly diffusing in the aerospace and automotive [ 5 ] fields, with a slight prevalence of the electron‐beam technology [ 6,7 ] and of the laser‐based process, [ 8 ] respectively. Laser‐based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF‐LB/M) is already a standard for the manufacturing of shapes that interpret the results of topology optimization, [ 9 ] a field where mass savings in excess of 25% can be straightforward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Technological Feasibility of Additively Manufactured Self‐Supporting AlSi10Mg Lattice Structures

et al. 2022

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The capability to design and manufacture metal lattice structures is today one of the most promising targets of powder bed fusion technologies. Not only additively manufactured lattices offer great lightweighting possibilities but they also open the way to tailored and graded mechanical response. To best capitalize on this opportunity, research effort is first needed to assess the feasibility of reticular structures and to quantify the expected deviations from the nominal geometry, as a function of the cell topology and dimensions. Notwithstanding the inherent suitability of additive processes to complex shapes, this paper proposes a more exact definition of the technological boundaries for body‐centered cubic lattices, showing to what extent specific dimensional ratios, as well as a self‐supporting cell structure, can be favorable to minimize the deviation from the nominal reticulum in terms of dimensions, density, and presence of defects.

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An investigation on the processing conditions of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo by electron beam powder bed fusion: Microstructure, defect distribution, mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys: Processability, Properties, and Applications

Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys: Processability, Properties, and Applications

Comparing the Cold, Warm, and Hot Deformation Flow Behavior of Selective Laser‐Melted and Electron‐Beam‐Melted Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo Alloy

On the Technological Feasibility of Additively Manufactured Self‐Supporting AlSi10Mg Lattice Structures

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