An investigation on the transition characteristics of the wood cell walls during carbonization

Kwon, Sung-Min; Kim, Nam Hun; Cha, Du-Song

doi:10.1007/s00226-009-0245-6

Cited by 64 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Kollmann & Sachs 1967;McGinnes et al 1971;Beall et al 1974;Correia et al 1974;Slocum et al 1978;Prior & Alvin 1983;Scott 1989;Jones et al 1991;Scott & Jones 1991a;b;Prior & Gasson 1993;Guo & Bustin 1998;Bustin & Guo 1999;Erçin & Yürum 2003;Gerards & Gerrienne 2004;Gerards et al 2007;Scott & Glasspool 2005 Table S2 in supplementary material. Poole 2008; Kwon et al 2009;Gonçalves et al 2012;Muñiz et al 2012a;b;Nisgoski et al 2014;Afonso et al 2015). Although these studies present a wide taxonomic coverage, only a few have so far utilized Araucariaceae wood samples (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kollmann & Sachs 1967) and thus charring of wood can usually not be observed below 300 °C (e.g. Kwon et al 2009). During charring wood experiences several changes: (a) colour -darkening of the wood, which at the end of the process becomes black; (b) physical properties -considerable mass losses, contraction, possible anatomical distortions resulting from charring and loss of many volatile substances; (c) chemical properties -continuous and gradual conversion of the three main chemical components of wood (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) forming a new product, rich in carbon and chemically altered (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of wood anatomical characters of selected species of Araucaria- during artificial charring - implications for palaeontology

et al. 2017

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Charcoal is widely accepted as evidence of the occurrence of palaeo-wildfi re. Although fossil charcoal remains have been used in many studies, investigation into the anatomical changes occurring during charring are few. Th e present study analyses changes in selected anatomical characters during artifi cial charring of modern wood of three species of the genus Araucaria (i.e. Araucaria angustifolia, Araucaria bidwillii and Araucaria columnaris). Wood samples of the studied species were charred under controlled conditions at varying temperatures. Measurements of anatomical features of uncharred wood and artifi cial charcoal were statistically analysed. Th e anatomical changes were statistically correlated with charring temperatures and most of the parameters showed marked decreases with increasing charring temperature. Compared to the intrinsic variability in anatomical features, both within and between growth rings of an individual plant, the changes induced by temperature account only for a comparatively small percentage of the observed variability. Regarding Araucaria charcoal, it seems possible that at least general taxonomic and palaeoenvironmental implications can be drawn from such material. However, it is not clear so far whether these results and interpretations based on only three taxa, can be generalized for the entire family and anatomically similar fossil taxa or not.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of wood anatomical characters of selected species of Araucaria- during artificial charring - implications for palaeontology

et al. 2017

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“…Kim e Hanna (2006) em estudo realizado com Q. variabilis BL, perceberam perda de 74,4% na amostra de carvão após carbonização a 400ºC. Segundo o estudo dos autores, as características originais foram mantidas, não havendo alteração nas paredes celulares.…”

Section: Myrciantes Pungens (D-f) Inga Vera (G-i)unclassified

“…Segundo o estudo dos autores, as características originais foram mantidas, não havendo alteração nas paredes celulares. Já Kwon et al (2009), em estudo sobre a mesma espécie, inferiram que acima de 350ºC não é possível verificar a diferenciação da lamela média.…”

Section: Myrciantes Pungens (D-f) Inga Vera (G-i)unclassified

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Anatomia Do Carvão De Espécies Nativas Da Região Do Vale Do Taquari (Bioma Mata Atlântica) – Base De Dados Para Estudos Arqueobotânicos

et al. 2017

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Resumo:As análises arqueobotânicas compreendem uma vasta gama de atividades, sendo que dentre elas, o estudo de fragmentos de lenhos carbonizados é uma ferramenta importante para os estudos paleoambientais. Para entender o ambiente pretérito é importante conhecer a vegetação atual para reconstituir, fidedignamente, os paleoambientes. Dessa forma este trabalho visa contribuir para a construção de uma base de dados das características de carvões vegetais macroscópicos de espécies nativas da região do Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul. Para isso foram coletados exemplares atuais de 7 famílias, 9 gêneros e 9 espécies, cujos fragmentos foram envoltos em papel alumínio, colocados em cadinhos contendo areia e carbonizados artificialmente em forno mufla, em temperatura de 400ºC por 40 minutos. Após a carbonização, as amostras foram fotografadas e preparadas para análise em microscopia eletrônica de varredura para análise das estruturas celulares. Com as análises, foi possível perceber uma redução de, em média, 75,57% de massa das amostras após a carbonização em relação às amostras in natura. Os dados encontrados evidenciaram características anatômicas distintas entre as nove espécies estudadas. Para as duas espécies da família Moraceae, há diferença significativa para todos os parâmetros analisados, enquanto para as espécies de Myrtaceae, os parâmetros diâmetro das pontoações e altura de raios não foram significativos. Os resultados das medidas avaliadas demonstraram a necessidade de estudos detalhados de anatomia de carvão para a realização de comparações entre material atual e arqueológico para a reconstrução fiel da vegetação pretérita. Esses dados farão parte de um banco de dados antracológico regional, servindo de subsídio para estudos botânicos e arqueobotânicos. Os resultados advindos das análises comparativas futuras que utilizarem a base de dados lançada neste estudo, subsidiarão ações de gestão e planejamento ambiental que lidem com a recuperação da cobertura vegetal da região do Vale do Taquari.Palavras-chave: Paleobotânica. Antracologia. Rio Grande do Sul. Coleção de referência.

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Sustainable and Conductive Wood‐Derived Carbon Framework for Stretchable Strain Sensors

Sun

Cui

et al. 2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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sensing element with good electromechanical properties and an elastic polymer matrix. [2] The selection of the sensitive material is critical to the sensing performance. The common active conductive materials include metal nanowires (e.g., gold and silver), [3] conductive polymers (e.g., polyaniline and polypyrrole) [4] and carbon nanomaterials (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon black). [5] Among them, carbon nanomaterials feature with high diversity and adjustable structure and resistance, which are the most promising candidate materials. However, their preparation processes are time-consuming, complex and costly, and may produce environmentally harmful byproducts. Besides, the intractable dispersion problem of carbon nanomaterials also restricts large-scale production. Hence, sustainable and cost-effective approaches for constructing carbon conductive networks are highly desired. Biomass materials are renewable and abundant, offering a simple but attractive alternative to building multifunctional carbonaceous materials without using limited fossil resources. [6] The biomass-derived carbon has been utilized as a conductive material to assemble environmentally friendly and low-cost electronics on account of their renewable resources and nature structure. For instance, Wang et al. developed an ultrasensitive wearable strain sensor by combining carbonized silk and silicon substrate. [7] Zhang et al. prepared carbonized cotton fabric based stretchable strain sensors with high performance. [8] Wood is one of the richest natural sources of carbon, which possesses natural and unique 3D mesoporous structure with multi-channels. [9] These characteristics make wood an appropriate precursor to produce 3D porous carbon conductive networks. Although there have been several studies on wood-based flexible electronics, [10] the wood-derived carbon has not been investigated for tensile sensing. In general, the performances of carbon materials depend on the structure and properties of the carbonized precursors. [11] As one of the three major components of wood, lignin provides rigidity for wood, [12] which may affect the flexible utilization of carbon products. To further explore whether the presence of lignin affects the application of wood in flexible electronics, we took wood and delignified wood framework (DWF) as carbon precursors separately and discussed the electrical conductivity and potential for strain sensors of the two carbon products carbonized wood framework (CWF) and carbonized delignified wood framework (CDWF).Conductive carbon materials have recently received increasing interest for their potential applications in wearable electronics and electronic skins because of their adjustable structure and resistance. However, high cost, large energy consumption, and potential biological toxicity put a huge obstacle in the way of practical application in electronics. Bio-derived carbon, which possesses sustainability and low cost, is an ideal substitute for traditional carbon materials. Here, a facile and e...

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An investigation on the transition characteristics of the wood cell walls during carbonization

Cited by 64 publications

References 21 publications

Changes of wood anatomical characters of selected species of Araucaria- during artificial charring - implications for palaeontology

Changes of wood anatomical characters of selected species of Araucaria- during artificial charring - implications for palaeontology

Anatomia Do Carvão De Espécies Nativas Da Região Do Vale Do Taquari (Bioma Mata Atlântica) – Base De Dados Para Estudos Arqueobotânicos

Sustainable and Conductive Wood‐Derived Carbon Framework for Stretchable Strain Sensors

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