“…Note that the material parameters of the MRE are obtained through the iterative identification of isotropic beams with an MRE core. 40,49 The identified moduli and Poisson’s ratios were verified by comparison with results found in the literature. 51 Figure 4.Flowchart for fabrication of four MRESP specimens.…”
Section: Experimental Studysupporting
confidence: 58%
“…Here, on the basis of the complex modulus method 39,40 and Jolly theory 41 in conjunction with pre-defined magnetic coefficients, the dynamic moduli EMia∗, GM23∗, and GM12∗ and the loss factors ηMia, η M23 , and η M12 of the MRE layer are regarded as a function of magnetic induction intensity B , generated by the copper coils, which are expressed aswhere EMia, G M23, and G M12 are the elastic moduli of the MRE layer without taking into account internal magnetic effects; Aia,Bia,Cia, and Dia are the magnetic coefficients that can be identified based on the measured frequency response functions (FRFs) with various magnetic amplitudes 42 ; and ϖ is a variable accounting for magnetorheological effects with the following formwhere ϕ r and μ 1 are the volume fraction and relative permeability of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs), respectively; μ r and μ 0 are the relative permeability of the MRE and permeability of a vacuum, respectively; and h r is the gap between different CIPs.…”
Section: Theoretical Formulationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Here, on the basis of the complex modulus method 39,40 and Jolly theory 41 in conjunction with pre-defined magnetic coefficients, the dynamic moduli E * Mi a , G * M23 , and G * M12 and the loss factors η Mi a , η M23 , and η M12 of the MRE layer are regarded as a function of magnetic induction intensity B, generated by the copper coils, which are expressed as…”
Section: Materials Properties Of Mre Layermentioning
This paper investigates the static and dynamic performances of sandwich plates with magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) core, in which the MRE core includes two copper wire layers, two inner metal layers, and one MRE layer. First, based on the complex modulus method, the Jolly theory and the pre-defined magnetic coefficients, the dynamic moduli, and loss factors of MRE are assumed as a function of magnetic induction intensity. Furthermore, a theoretical model of the MRE sandwich plates (MRESPs) is proposed, which considers the internal magnetic field excitation and four types of panel materials, namely fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP), fiber-reinforced polymer with carbon nanotubes (CNT-FRP), metal and fiber-metal hybrid (FMH) panels. After the deformation and energy equations are derived to solve the static bearing stiffness, dynamic stiffness, and damping parameters, some literature results are employed to provide the initial validation of the model developed. Subsequently, four MRESP specimens with the FRP, CNT-FRP, metal, and FMH panels are fabricated and measured to further verify the model as well as to evaluate the mechanical performance. The influence of critical geometric and material parameters related to MRE on static and dynamic properties is also discussed to summarize some practical conclusions for engineering applications.
“…Note that the material parameters of the MRE are obtained through the iterative identification of isotropic beams with an MRE core. 40,49 The identified moduli and Poisson’s ratios were verified by comparison with results found in the literature. 51 Figure 4.Flowchart for fabrication of four MRESP specimens.…”
Section: Experimental Studysupporting
confidence: 58%
“…Here, on the basis of the complex modulus method 39,40 and Jolly theory 41 in conjunction with pre-defined magnetic coefficients, the dynamic moduli EMia∗, GM23∗, and GM12∗ and the loss factors ηMia, η M23 , and η M12 of the MRE layer are regarded as a function of magnetic induction intensity B , generated by the copper coils, which are expressed aswhere EMia, G M23, and G M12 are the elastic moduli of the MRE layer without taking into account internal magnetic effects; Aia,Bia,Cia, and Dia are the magnetic coefficients that can be identified based on the measured frequency response functions (FRFs) with various magnetic amplitudes 42 ; and ϖ is a variable accounting for magnetorheological effects with the following formwhere ϕ r and μ 1 are the volume fraction and relative permeability of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs), respectively; μ r and μ 0 are the relative permeability of the MRE and permeability of a vacuum, respectively; and h r is the gap between different CIPs.…”
Section: Theoretical Formulationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Here, on the basis of the complex modulus method 39,40 and Jolly theory 41 in conjunction with pre-defined magnetic coefficients, the dynamic moduli E * Mi a , G * M23 , and G * M12 and the loss factors η Mi a , η M23 , and η M12 of the MRE layer are regarded as a function of magnetic induction intensity B, generated by the copper coils, which are expressed as…”
Section: Materials Properties Of Mre Layermentioning
This paper investigates the static and dynamic performances of sandwich plates with magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) core, in which the MRE core includes two copper wire layers, two inner metal layers, and one MRE layer. First, based on the complex modulus method, the Jolly theory and the pre-defined magnetic coefficients, the dynamic moduli, and loss factors of MRE are assumed as a function of magnetic induction intensity. Furthermore, a theoretical model of the MRE sandwich plates (MRESPs) is proposed, which considers the internal magnetic field excitation and four types of panel materials, namely fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP), fiber-reinforced polymer with carbon nanotubes (CNT-FRP), metal and fiber-metal hybrid (FMH) panels. After the deformation and energy equations are derived to solve the static bearing stiffness, dynamic stiffness, and damping parameters, some literature results are employed to provide the initial validation of the model developed. Subsequently, four MRESP specimens with the FRP, CNT-FRP, metal, and FMH panels are fabricated and measured to further verify the model as well as to evaluate the mechanical performance. The influence of critical geometric and material parameters related to MRE on static and dynamic properties is also discussed to summarize some practical conclusions for engineering applications.
“…By combining the complex modulus method [ 41 , 42 ] with Jolly theory [ 43 ], the equivalent moduli , , , and of the MRE materials can be considered as a function of magnetic induction intensity M a , which is generated by the copper coils in the MECFRPSS structure. As a result, , , , and can be defined as: where , , G C12 , and G C23 are the normal elastic moduli of MRE when the magnetorheological effect is ignored; , , , and are the corresponding loss factors; i is the imaginary unit; d i , e i , f i , and g i ( i = 1, 2, 3, 4) are the magnetic field coefficients that can be determined on the basis of the tested frequency response function (FRF) data under different magnetic levels [ 44 ]; v c is the volume fraction of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs); p ...…”
Section: Analysis Of Bending and Vibration Resistancesmentioning
An optimization design of the bending-vibration resistance of magnetorheological elastomer carbon fibre reinforced polymer sandwich sheets (MECFRPSSs) was studied in this paper. Initially, by adopting the classical laminate theory, the Reddy’s high-order shear deformation theory, the Rayleigh-Ritz method, etc., an analytical model of the MECFRPSSs was established to predict both bending and vibration parameters, with the three-point bending forces and a pulse load being considered separately. After the validation of the model was completed, the optimization design work of the MECFRPSSs was conducted based on an optimization model developed, in which the thickness, modulus, and density ratios of magnetorheological elastomer core to carbon fibre reinforced polymer were taken as design variables, and static bending stiffness, the averaged damping, and dynamic stiffness parameters were chosen as objective functions. Subsequently, an artificial bee colony algorithm was adopted to execute single-objective, dual-objective, and multi-objective optimizations to obtain the optimal design parameters of such structures, with the convergence effectiveness being examined in a validation example. It was found that it was hard to improve the bending, damping, and dynamic stiffness behaviours of the structure simultaneously as the values of design variables increased. Some compromised results of design parameters need to be determined, which are based on Pareto-optimal solutions. In further engineering application of the MECFRPSSs, it is suggested to use the corresponding design parameters related to a turning point to better exert their bending-vibration resistance.
“…7 FRPCs as a kind of polymeric composites are susceptible to environmental damages. 8,9 Temperature fluctuations, 10,11 humidity, 12 acid rains, 13 UV radiations 14 and many others are some of the abundant environmental conditions that will finally cause irreversible effects on performance and mechanical behavior of FRPCs. 15 FRPCs must be capable to be used in such environmental conditions and endure various combinations of static and dynamic loadings.…”
Fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) have gained great progress in a wide range of applications from construction and building structures to automobile and vehicle systems. During the operational lifetime, some FRPCs are exposed to various environmental conditions such as thermal cycles and thermal shocks. Fluctuation of the ambient temperature in the forms of thermal shocks or thermal cycles is one of the most important factors that deteriorate the durability and performance of the FRPCs. Compared to ceramic composites, less attention has been paid to the effects of thermal shocks and thermal cycles on the physical/mechanical properties of FRPCs. A comprehensive insight for the future advancements in this field is essential to possibly reduce the failure risks of FRPCs under thermal shocks and thermal cycles. The present work provides a comprehensive review on the physical/mechanical behavior of FRPCs under thermal cycles and thermal shocks. This work also provides a broad review on several factors that determines mechanical behavior of FRPCs, such as polymeric matrix, fiber type, incorporated nanofillers and fiber/polymer interface. Recent studies denoting important aspects and possible problems in mechanical performance of FRPCs under thermal shocks are also summarized.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
