An iterative two-threshold analysis for single-subject functional MRI of the human brain

Auer, Tibor; Schweizer, Renate; Frahm, Jens

doi:10.1007/s00330-011-2184-5

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“… 47 This threshold is a common error-control method in small-sample neuroimaging studies in psychiatry. 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 Anatomic assignment of clusters was based on the peak z -score within the cluster using the Talairach Daemon Database, and confirmed by visual inspection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of adherence to extended-release naltrexone pharmacotherapy in heroin dependence

Elman

et al. 2015

Transl Psychiatry

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Injectable extended-release naltrexone (XRNTX) presents an effective therapeutic strategy for opioid addiction, however its utility could be hampered by poor adherence. To gain a better insight into this phenomenon, we utilized blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in conjunction with a validated cue-induced craving procedure to examine neural correlates of XRNTX adherence. We operationalized treatment adherence as the number of monthly XRNTX injections (range: 0–3) administered to a group of fully detoxified heroin-dependent subjects (n=32). Additional outcomes included urine toxicology screening and self-reported tobacco use. The presented heroin-related visual cues reliably elicited heroin craving in all tested subjects. Nine, five, three and 15 of the participants, respectively, received zero, one, two and three XRNTX injections, predicted by the individual baseline fMRI signal change in response to the cues in the medial prefrontal cortex, a brain region involved in inhibitory self-control and emotional appraisal. The incidence of opioid-positive urines during the XRNTX therapy was low and remained about half the pre-treatment rate after the XRNTX ended. During the treatment, cigarette smoking behaviors followed patterns of opioid use, while cocaine consumption was increased with reductions in opioid use. The present data support the hypothesis that medial prefrontal cortex functions are involved in adherence to opioid antagonist therapy. A potential role of concurrent non-opioid addictive substances consumption during the XRNTX pharmacotherapy warrants further investigation. Our findings set the stage for further bio-behavioral investigations of the mechanisms of relapse prevention in opioid dependence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of adherence to extended-release naltrexone pharmacotherapy in heroin dependence

Elman

et al. 2015

Transl Psychiatry

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“…In the context of a clinical application, sensitivity is most important: “real” activation should not be missed, which commonly leads to the exploration of several, and usually lower statistical thresholds, which is not without controversy . On the other hand, specificity is also relevant as false positive activation foci may hamper radical resection approaches; this is usually assessed visually but automated approaches have also been suggested to balance these requirements . Another approach towards increasing robustness and specificity is to use conjunction analyses, that is, to assess the activation which can reliably be seen across all, or most, tasks .…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical application of advanced MR methods in children: points to consider

Wilke

Groeschel

Lorenzen

et al. 2018

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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The application of both functional MRI and diffusion MR tractography prior to a neurosurgical operation is well established in adults, but less so in children, for several reasons. For this review, we have identified several aspects (task design, subject preparation, actual scanning session, data processing, interpretation of results, and decision‐making) where pediatric peculiarities should be taken into account. Further, we not only systematically identify common issues, but also provide solutions, based on our experience as well as a review of the pertinent literature. The aim is to provide the clinician as well as the imaging scientist with information that helps to plan, conduct, and interpret such a clinically‐indicated exam in a way that maximizes benefit for, and minimizes the burden on the individual child.

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“…Such a compromise between sensitivity and specificity is well known in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) literature, where analyses routinely include many thousands of voxels [ 50 – 52 ]. The most popular approach to this large-scale multiple testing problem is a two-step, cluster-based correction procedure [ 51 , 53 – 54 ]. Clusters of contiguous voxels surviving an initial activation threshold are then subjected to a cluster-extent (or mass) threshold, such that only clusters exceeding a specified number of voxels (or summed activation value) are retained for subsequent analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster-based analysis improves predictive validity of spike-triggered receptive field estimates

Bigelow

Malone

2017

PLoS ONE

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Spectrotemporal receptive field (STRF) characterization is a central goal of auditory physiology. STRFs are often approximated by the spike-triggered average (STA), which reflects the average stimulus preceding a spike. In many cases, the raw STA is subjected to a threshold defined by gain values expected by chance. However, such correction methods have not been universally adopted, and the consequences of specific gain-thresholding approaches have not been investigated systematically. Here, we evaluate two classes of statistical correction techniques, using the resulting STRF estimates to predict responses to a novel validation stimulus. The first, more traditional technique eliminated STRF pixels (time-frequency bins) with gain values expected by chance. This correction method yielded significant increases in prediction accuracy, including when the threshold setting was optimized for each unit. The second technique was a two-step thresholding procedure wherein clusters of contiguous pixels surviving an initial gain threshold were then subjected to a cluster mass threshold based on summed pixel values. This approach significantly improved upon even the best gain-thresholding techniques. Additional analyses suggested that allowing threshold settings to vary independently for excitatory and inhibitory subfields of the STRF resulted in only marginal additional gains, at best. In summary, augmenting reverse correlation techniques with principled statistical correction choices increased prediction accuracy by over 80% for multi-unit STRFs and by over 40% for single-unit STRFs, furthering the interpretational relevance of the recovered spectrotemporal filters for auditory systems analysis.

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An iterative two-threshold analysis for single-subject functional MRI of the human brain

Abstract: Thus, iTT emerges as a good candidate for both scientific fMRI studies at high spatial resolution and more routine applications for clinical purposes.

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Neural correlates of adherence to extended-release naltrexone pharmacotherapy in heroin dependence

Neural correlates of adherence to extended-release naltrexone pharmacotherapy in heroin dependence

Clinical application of advanced MR methods in children: points to consider

Cluster-based analysis improves predictive validity of spike-triggered receptive field estimates

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