An Objective Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Different Methods of Displaying Three-Dimensional Information with Medical X-Ray Images

Hardy, Julia E.; Dodds, Simon; Roberts, Anthony

doi:10.1097/00004424-199607000-00006

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This qualitative observation matches research findings on stereoscopic display techniques in X-ray technology8 and is also consistent with the differences between static and dynamic stereoacuity described by Mathias and Rudolf Sachsenweger 17. Stereoscopic movies also showed an increase in apparent image sharpness compared to stereoscopic stills, which may be explained by Shipley’s description of stereoscopic contour integration over blur 18.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Remote Non-invasive Stereoscopic Imaging of Blood Vessels: First In-vivo Results of a New Multispectral Contrast Enhancement Technology

et al. 2006

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Abstract-We describe a contactless optical technique selectively enhancing superficial blood vessels below variously pigmented intact human skin by combining images in different spectral bands. Two CMOS-cameras, with apochromatic lenses and dual-band LED-arrays, simultaneously streamed Left (L) and Right (R) image data to a dualprocessor PC. Both cameras captured color images within the visible range (VIS, 400-780 nm) and grey-scale images within the near infrared range (NIR, 910-920 nm) by sequentially switching between LED-array emission bands. Image-sizesettings of 1280 Â 1024 for VIS & 640 Â 512 for NIR produced 12 cycles/s (1 cycle = 1 VIS L&R-pair + 1 NIR L&R-pair). Decreasing image-size-settings (640 Â 512 for VIS and 320 Â 256 for NIR) increased camera-speed to 25 cycles/s. Contrasts from below the tissue surface were algorithmically distinguished from surface shadows, reflections, etc. Thus blood vessels were selectively enhanced and back-projected into the stereoscopic VIS-color-image using either a 3D-display or conventional shutter glasses. As a first usability reconnaissance we applied this custombuilt mobile stereoscopic camera for several clinical settings: blood withdrawal; vein inspection in dark skin; vein detection through iodide; varicose vein and nevi pigmentosum inspection.Our technique improves blood vessel visualization compared to the naked eye, and supports depth perception.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Remote Non-invasive Stereoscopic Imaging of Blood Vessels: First In-vivo Results of a New Multispectral Contrast Enhancement Technology

et al. 2006

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“…Studies with random 3D dot patterns found that motion enabled observers to distinguish between dots which they were otherwise unable to do (Nakayama, 1985). Similarly Hardy et al (1996) found that rotation was important for recognition of 3D X-ray images. These findings underpin H5-7: voxels are subject to lighting effects hence motion is less necessary to delineate between different parts of an object, and thus will have a bigger impact on point clouds than voxels.…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Impact of resolution, colour, and motion on object identification in digital twins from robot sensor data

Bremner

Giuliani

2022

Front. Robot. AI

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This paper makes a contribution to research on digital twins that are generated from robot sensor data. We present the results of an online user study in which 240 participants were tasked to identify real-world objects from robot point cloud data. In the study we manipulated the render style (point clouds vs voxels), render resolution (i.e., density of point clouds and granularity of voxel grids), colour (monochrome vs coloured points/voxels), and motion (no motion vs rotational motion) of the shown objects to measure the impact of these attributes on object recognition performance. A statistical analysis of the study results suggests that there is a three-way interaction between our independent variables. Further analysis suggests: 1) objects are easier to recognise when rendered as point clouds than when rendered as voxels, particularly lower resolution voxels; 2) the effect of colour and motion is affected by how objects are rendered, e.g., utility of colour decreases with resolution for point clouds; 3) an increased resolution of point clouds only leads to an increased object recognition if points are coloured and static; 4) high resolution voxels outperform medium and low resolution voxels in all conditions, but there is little difference between medium and low resolution voxels; 5) motion is unable to improve the performance of voxels at low and medium resolutions, but is able to improve performance for medium and low resolution point clouds. Our results have implications for the design of robot sensor suites and data gathering and transmission protocols when creating digital twins from robot gathered point cloud data.

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“…Studies that can be performed with RFT include antegrade pyelography, evaluation of UPJ or UVJ obstruction. [3637] Non-urological applications include percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, evaluation of recto-urethral fistulae, anal atresia and comminuted fractures. The radiation exposure of an RFT study is one-sixth that of a CT scan [Figure 6f and 9b].…”

Section: Rotational Fluoroscopic Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in pediatric uroradiology

Reddy

2007

Indian J Urol

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Pediatric Urology is a surgical subspecialty that is very dependent upon radiographic imaging as the majority of the genitourinary (GU) tract is internally located. Technological advances in various imaging modalities (e.g. ultrasonography, nuclear medicine, CT and MRI) have aided in our ability to visualize and evaluate the functionality of the GU tract, enabling the diagnosis of various disease processes that affect the genitourinary system. Collectively the advances in uro-radiology have improved our understanding of the natural history of many conditions that involve the GU tract. As a result of these newer imaging modalities, some of the more traditional techniques have assumed a limited role in the diagnostic evaluation of the pediatric GU patient (e.g. intravenous urography).The purpose of this article is to review the advances in radiographic imaging, in particular the cross-sectional imaging modalities and discuss their utility (appropriate indications and application) in Pediatric Urology, so that the reader can maximize the diagnostic yield of these studies. For a thorough review of any of the imaging modalities discussed in this article and their utility in the practice of pediatric urology, I would direct the readers to articles in the radiological literature that are specific to that technology. Besides the obvious technological advances in imaging modalities, this review also discusses the attention to radiation safety for the pediatric patient that every physician who orders a diagnostic imaging study in a child should be aware of.

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An Objective Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Different Methods of Displaying Three-Dimensional Information with Medical X-Ray Images

Abstract: It was found that rotational stereoscopic fluoroscopy is feasible and is an effective way of portraying 3-D information using x-rays.

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Remote Non-invasive Stereoscopic Imaging of Blood Vessels: First In-vivo Results of a New Multispectral Contrast Enhancement Technology

Remote Non-invasive Stereoscopic Imaging of Blood Vessels: First In-vivo Results of a New Multispectral Contrast Enhancement Technology

Impact of resolution, colour, and motion on object identification in digital twins from robot sensor data

Recent advances in pediatric uroradiology

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