An odor identification approach based on event-related pupil dilation and gaze focus

Aguillon‐Hernandez, Nadia; Naudin, Marine; Roché, Laëtitia; Bonnet‐Brilhault, Frédérique; Belzung, Catherine; Martineau, J.; Atanasova, Boriana

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.03.009

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Our data demonstrates a new finding that a structural connectivity exist between the ventral and dorsal Entorhinal cortex (Brodmann area 28 (V) & 34 (D), Piriform cortex (Brodmann area 27) and the Frontal eye field (Brodmann area 8), hence supporting previous documentation that suggested that olfactory cues could modulate visual attention, prompting saccades leading to spatial perception through neck and eye movements towards the stimuli [8] [9] [52] . These new findings were discovered through non-invasive imaging methods where brain fibers were traced using diffusive tensor imaging from MRI imaging data collected from subjects both male and female and the results suggest that the finding of this study are mainly significant within the population and supported our initial conjecture.…”

Section: Iv) Male and Female Unilateral Hemispheric Variances (Left Ssupporting

confidence: 88%

3D Structural Connectivity in Healthy Adults: Detecting Structural Connections and Their Underlying Substrates for Olfactory Saccadic Pathway

Elumalai

Syed

Brown

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Section: Iv) Male and Female Unilateral Hemispheric Variances (Left Ssupporting

confidence: 88%

3D Structural Connectivity in Healthy Adults: Detecting Structural Connections and Their Underlying Substrates for Olfactory Saccadic Pathway

Elumalai

Syed

Brown

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…There are several reasons as to why a company might want to introduce olfactory cues into their product packaging (not to mention their point-of-purchase displays; [48,49]): (1) to capture the shopper's attention while wondering down the supermarket aisle [50][51][52][53][54]; (2) to modify the consumer's flavour expectations when they evaluate food and beverage products in pack (perhaps in the supermarket, or in the home setting); (3) to modify the flavour experience when people consume products directly from pack [26]; and (4) to control/ promote consumption. Note that the focus in this review will be on summarizing the use, and influence, of orthonasal olfactory cues.…”

Section: Olfactory Modification Of Product Packagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several objective here: (1) to control any undesirable or incongruent food (or non-food) odours, (2) to use aroma to capture the attention of consumers [50][51][52][53][54]66] and to encourage them to enter a particular store or establishment [67], (3) to control the length of a consumer/ diner's stay in a given food environment (the underlying idea here being the longer they stay, the more they are likely to consume), and (4) the use of food aromas to make customers hungrier ( [68]; see also [69,70]). …”

Section: Olfactory Impact Of Restaurants and Food/beverage Outletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leading the consumer by the nose: on the commercialization of olfactory design for the food and beverage sector

Spence

2015

Flavour

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Many researchers distinguish between two senses of smell-orthonasal (when we inhale or sniff) and retronasal (when volatiles are pulsed out from the back of the nose during eating). Orthonasal olfactory cues are key to setting our expectations concerning the sensory and hedonic attributes of food and drink; by contrast, retronasal olfactory cues are central to the experience of taste (or, better said, flavour). Food and beverage providers are increasingly modifying the product-extrinsic olfactory cues associated with their offerings in order to try and influence our food behaviours and hopefully enhance our multisensory product experiences. One way in which this is happening is via the introduction of olfactorily enhanced product packaging into the marketplace. A second key route is via the control and modification of the olfactory 'smellscape' in and around chain restaurants and food/ beverage outlets. A third route that is slowly starting to emerge is technology-enabled olfactory marketing via scent-emitting billboards and scent-enabled plug-ins for mobile devices. Key opportunities and concerns, ethical and otherwise, surrounding the recent growth of olfactory marketing (specifically those examples incorporating food aromas) are highlighted. Ultimately, the question that we should all perhaps be asking ourselves is whether we are all being 'led by the nose', knowingly or otherwise, into unhealthy food behaviours.

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“…Negative images showing violence, distress and threat but also positive ones depicting happiness elicited a dilatation as opposed to neutral everyday images [137][138][139][140][141][142] . Pupillary dilatation may also signal the perception of odors 143,144 and sexual arousal [145][146][147][148][149] ; salient odors or visual or auditory sexual stimuli lead to pupillary dilatation. Pupillary dilatation results also from pleasant sounds and melodies.…”

Section: Pico 2: Pupillary Changes Associated With Cognitive and Emotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steinhauer Pupillary constriction 19,139 Attenuated light reflex 22,23 Olfactory stimulation 143 List of studies investigating if micro stimulation of some cerebral areas, through previously implanted electrodes, resulted in pupillary changes in diameter.…”

Section: Pico 4: Pupillary Changes Associated With Cognitive and Emotmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemental Information 1: S1 Protocol and Appendix

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Background. The pupillary light reflex is the main mechanism that regulates the pupillary diameter; it is controlled by the autonomic system and mediated by subcortical pathways. In addition, cognitive and emotional processes influence pupillary function due to input from cortical innervation, but the exact circuits remain poorly understood. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the mechanisms behind pupillary changes associated with cognitive efforts and processing of emotions and to investigate the cerebral areas involved in cortical modulation of the pupillary light reflex. Methodology. We searched multiple databases until November 2018 for studies on cortical modulation of pupillary function in humans and non-human primates. Of 8808 papers screened, 252 studies were included. Results. Most investigators focused on pupillary dilatation as an index of cognitive and emotional processing, evaluating how changes in pupillary diameter reflect levels of attention and arousal. Only few tried to correlate specific cerebral areas to pupillary changes, using either cortical activation models (employing micro-stimulation of cortical structures in non-human primates) or cortical lesion models (e.g. investigating patients with stroke and damage to salient cortical and/or subcortical areas). Results suggest involvement of several cortical regions, including the insular cortex, the frontal eye field and the prefrontal cortex, and of subcortical structures such as the locus coeruleus and the superior colliculus. Conclusions. Pupillary dilatation occurs with many kinds of mental or emotional processes, following sympathetic activation or parasympathetic inhibition. This phenomenon is controlled by several subcortical and cortical structures that are directly or indirectly connected to the brainstem pupillary innervation system.

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An odor identification approach based on event-related pupil dilation and gaze focus

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

3D Structural Connectivity in Healthy Adults: Detecting Structural Connections and Their Underlying Substrates for Olfactory Saccadic Pathway

3D Structural Connectivity in Healthy Adults: Detecting Structural Connections and Their Underlying Substrates for Olfactory Saccadic Pathway

Leading the consumer by the nose: on the commercialization of olfactory design for the food and beverage sector

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