An on-site and remote study during the COVID-19 pandemic on virtual hand appearance and tactile feedback

Cui, Dixuan; Mousas, Christos

doi:10.1080/0144929x.2021.1938679

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…It has been reported that users’ attention might affect participants’ perception of virtual avatars, such as the sense of embodiment, although there is not enough evidence yet (Cui and Mousas, 2021). Its results revealed that on-site participants paid more attention to hand appearance than remote participants, which may be related to their high degrees of attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, exploring whether users pay more attention to the virtual avatar representations or others during the interaction with the virtual world. Limited articles have speculated about the relationship between the sense of embodiment and user attention in VR, but it still lacks supportive evidence in the literature (Tieri et al , 2017; Cui and Mousas, 2021). Users’ attention can be analyzed through the recorded eye behaviors data of users in VEs through eye tracking (Batliner et al , 2020; Li et al , 2021; Mousas et al , 2021).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the effects of hand design on embodiment in virtual reality

Zhang

Huang

Yang

et al. 2023

AIEDAM

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Understanding user perceptions of interacting with the virtual world is one of the research focuses in recent years, given the rapid proliferation of virtual reality (VR) and driven to establish the metaverse. Users can generate a familiar connection between their bodies and the virtual world by being embodied in virtual hands, and hand representations can induce users’ embodiment in VR. The sense of embodiment represents the cognitive awareness of one's manifestation and includes three subcomponents: the sense of body ownership, agency and self-location. There is insufficient evidence in the literature about the effects of hand designs on the embodiment, especially based on studying its three subcomponents. This study investigates how virtual hand designs with five realism levels influence the three subcomponents of embodiment in VR. This research employs a self-report questionnaire commonly used in the literature to assess embodiment and evaluates agency and self-location by introducing implicit methods (intentional binding and proprioceptive measurement) derived from psychology. Besides, the objective data of eye tracking is used to explore the connection between embodiment and hand designs, and classifying participants’ eye tracking data to help analyze the link between embodiment and user attention. Overall, this research makes a major contribution through a systematic exploration of users’ embodied experience in VR and offers important evidence of the effects of virtual hand designs on body ownership, agency, and self-location, respectively. In addition, this study provides a valuable reference for further investigation of embodiment through implicit and objective methods, and practical design recommendations for virtual hand design in VR applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the effects of hand design on embodiment in virtual reality

Zhang

Huang

Yang

et al. 2023

AIEDAM

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“…Grubert et al 17 mentioned in their previous study that matching motion between virtual and real hands can decrease the error rate. Furthermore, in virtual hand appearance studies, Cui and Mousas 42,47 confirmed that virtual hands with less detail could cause confusion regarding the implicit perception (i.e., location of hand landmarks, joints, and fingers) of the virtual hands. The abstract hand had basic joints and connections as skeletons, while the other two hands had full mesh and could perform richer animations to match real hand actions.…”

Section: Effect Of Hand Appearancementioning

confidence: 95%

“…41 While the realistic hand provided a realistic external appearance, mannequin hands were able to generate the strongest hand ownership in VR. 42 Therefore, participants should have made more effort to position their mannequin hands for typing.…”

Section: Effect Of Hand Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the effects of virtual hand appearance on midair typing efficiency

Cui

Mousas

2023

Computer Animation & Virtual

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Summary Midair typing has gradually become the potential mainstream of virtual reality (VR) typing, as it eliminates the setup of additional hardware devices and provides convenience for portable head‐mounted displays (HMDs). In midair typing, users type on a virtual keyboard while using their virtual hands. In addition to the lack of a dominant method for VR‐based midair typing, we still do not know the impact that different appearances of virtual hands could have on text input in VR. Thus, we picked a widely used midair typing method (i.e., the VR‐rendered QWERTY keyboard) and conducted a VR study to explore the effects of three hand appearances (i.e., abstract, mannequin, realistic hands) on typing efficiency in terms of typing accuracy, typing speed, and task load. Our within‐group study revealed that (1) the mannequin hand caused significantly higher performance on typing speed than the abstract and realistic hands, (2) the abstract hand caused significantly lower performance (more typing errors) on typing accuracy compared to the mannequin and realistic hands, and (3) participants rated the task load of using the abstract hand significantly higher than the mannequin and realistic hands.

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“…Among others, the results of this study showed that the participants in the lab setting rated the external appearance of a realistic hand model higher than the remotely recruited participants. In addition to the reported findings of this study, the authors provide design considerations for virtual reality applications that consider virtual hands and tactile feedback (Cui and Mousas 2021).…”

Section: Xr In the Era Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 98%