An Ontology of Peace: Landscapes of Conflict and Cooperation with Application to Colombia

Campbell, Susanna; Findley, Michael G.; Kikuta, Kyosuke

doi:10.1093/isr/vix005

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Yet, when studying different forms of violence that take place in postwar contexts, the boundary between war and peace is blurred. This is an important discussion that is increasingly finding resonance (Campbell et al, 2017;Davenport et al, 2018;Diehl, 2016). At the same time, we do not believe that war and peace, or war and postwar, need to be abandoned as useful conceptual categories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Civil war recurrence and postwar violence: Toward an integrated research agenda

Bara

Deglow

Baalen

2021

European Journal of International Relations

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Violence after civil war is a challenge to sustainable peace. Many armed conflicts today are recurrences of previous wars and much of the literature on violence after war explains why armed groups return to the battlefield. But even if peace prevails, many other types of violence take place in postwar environments. This postwar violence is likewise subject to a growing multidisciplinary literature. Using citation network analysis, we show that research on war recurrence and postwar violence has developed in relative isolation from each other—although these phenomena are interrelated. This compartmentalization leads us to overlook important similarities and differences in the drivers of different forms of violence after war. We demonstrate this by reviewing the literature in both of these closely related fields. While war recurrence and postwar violence share a set of common risk factors, some factors can have opposite effects on the two outcomes. Because these insights only emerge when systematically comparing the two strands of literature, we propose a novel framework for the study of violence after wars that aims at overcoming the compartmentalization of research within these two fields. The framework serves both as a conceptual lens and an analytical tool to categorize and compare different forms of violence after war. We then outline how the framework aids scholars in pursuing an integrated research agenda, with concrete suggestions for research questions that should be studied to expand our understanding of violence after wars.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Civil war recurrence and postwar violence: Toward an integrated research agenda

Bara

Deglow

Baalen

2021

European Journal of International Relations

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“…This may also break up the dichotomy between war and peace that makes it necessary to study ‘postwar’ violence as a particular category of violence at all (Campbell et al, 2017; Davenport et al, 2018; Diehl, 2016). Some experts would hardly identify a number of cases analysed in this study as postwar periods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting targets: the effect of peacekeeping on postwar violence

Bara

2020

European Journal of International Relations

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Existing research shows that peace after civil wars is more stable with peacekeepers present. Yet, violence persists in many postwar contexts, and although postwar violence is often strategic and closely linked to the faultlines of the preceding war, we know little about the impact of peacekeepers on such violence. What we know, moreover, focuses on the former combatants, while this study shows that the majority of deaths in postwar violence are inflicted by other armed actors. This is a challenge for peacekeepers who – for mandate or capacity reasons – usually focus on the warring parties. I argue that the impact of peacekeepers on postwar violence hinges on the extent to which they fill a public security gap after war, since responsibility for violence not covered by a mission’s mandate lies with the often dysfunctional security agencies of the state. To test this I use a novel spatial approach to generate data that captures the manifold manifestations of violence across different postwar contexts. I find that only UN police – with their broader effect on public security – mitigate postwar violence generally. UN troops have some impact on civilian targeting by former combatants but no such effect could be identified for violence by other armed actors. The findings highlight the importance of peacekeeping police at a time when the modus operandi and capacity of UN police have been questioned, but also the importance of accounting for a multitude of violent actors when analysing the impact of international interventions more generally.

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“…Many of these novel contributions also provide us with new tools for empirically measuring the emerging peace. For example, Campbell et al (2017) introduce latent variables to measure instances of cooperation and conflict after war, using post-war Colombia as a case study. Others have focused on developing methods for measuring how communities experience peace, using bottom-up, participatory data gathering methods and definitions of peace (e.g., Firchow, 2018; Mac Ginty, 2014).…”

Section: The Peace Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Peace? The Bangsamoro Region in the Philippines Beyond the 2014 Agreement

Kovacs

Höglund

Jiménez

2021

Journal of Peacebuilding & Development

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What kind of peace has emerged in the Bangsamoro region in the Philippines after the 2014 peace agreement? And how does it matter for the prospects of sustainable peace and development? The peace deal between the government of Philippines and the armed group Moro Islamic Liberation Front builds on the establishment of a new autonomous region. The new autonomy has the potential to end a prolonged cycle of armed rebellions. But if it fails to deliver the expected peace dividends, it could also lead to escalating violence. This article uses the Peace Triangle as a conceptual tool to analyse the current status of peace in Bangsamoro. As such, it advances a theoretical understanding of peace that focuses on how autonomy solutions impact on conflict issues, violent behaviour, and conflict attitudes and aid an assessment of the longer term prospects of peace in the wake of autonomy.

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An Ontology of Peace: Landscapes of Conflict and Cooperation with Application to Colombia

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Civil war recurrence and postwar violence: Toward an integrated research agenda

Civil war recurrence and postwar violence: Toward an integrated research agenda

Shifting targets: the effect of peacekeeping on postwar violence

Autonomous Peace? The Bangsamoro Region in the Philippines Beyond the 2014 Agreement

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