An Optical Communication Approach for Ultra-High-Speed Train Running in Evacuated Tube: Potentials and Challenges

Huang, Xuan; Yang, Fang; Song, Jian; Han, Zhu

doi:10.1109/mwc.001.2000273

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…To avoid the Doppler spread caused by RF signals, an optical wireless communication (OWC) scheme was adopted in [123] where optical access points are mounted on the top of the tube connected to an optical fiber backhaul. Communication redundancy is utilized to increase the system's reliability.…”

Section: B Network-based Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperloop Communications: Challenges, Advances, and Approaches

Hedhly

Amin

Shihada

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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High-speed rail (HSR) communication has always been an attractive research topic with the continuous progress of transportation systems and communication technologies. Recently, Hyperloop has emerged as a candidate for very high-speed transportation systems. Because of its outstanding potential, Hyperloop can usher in a new transportation era with several attractive features. Developing suitable communication system solutions is crucial to bring this promising technology closer to reality. In addition, the Hyperloop communication system is essential to support monitoring-and-controlling services and deliver communication services inside its capsules/pods. Throughout this article, we overview Hyperloop technology and discuss its general characterization to recognize and estimate its relative position among the current HSR communication systems. Then, we investigate different attributes of the communication system, including network architecture, quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, and critical challenges to implement a reliable communication system. With the high speed of the capsule/pod and the system's unique structure, severe Doppler effect and frequent handover may considerably affect the operation of the communication system. Because Hyperloop is a recent development, it is necessary to study the existing HSR communication technologies to determine whether they can establish robust communication links for the Hyperloop system and deliver data with the required QoS. Furthermore, we provide technical details of the current HSR technologies and related research. Subsequently, we present the recent advances in the Hyperloop communication system with classification depending on whether it is a radio-, network-, antenna-, or software-based solution. Finally, we propose future research directions that can promote an improved communication performance. Hyperloop communications, high-speed rail communications, vacuum tube communications, vehicular communications. INDEX TERMS

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Section: B Network-based Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperloop Communications: Challenges, Advances, and Approaches

Hedhly

Amin

Shihada

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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“…Due to the general advancements in modern economy and technology, transportation has expanded dramatically since the 1950s, leading to significant demand for ultra-highspeed trains for ground transportation, with speeds exceeding 1000 km/h [1]. However, the researchers demonstrate that when the train speed approaches 400 km/h, the resistance will be more than 80% of the overall resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, a new magnetically levitated ultrafast train operating along a low-pressure tube is required to reduce CO 2 emissions [3]. Thus, many countries have researched evacuated tube transportation (ETT), such as China and the United States [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, traveling away from a BS's coverage area and into the coverage area of the next BS initiates a handover process, which may result in communications interruption and a considerable handover time, particularly with the ultra-high-speed train. The time connectivity for each BS will be 0.72 s, or in some cases, 0.26 s if the train is traveling at 2700 km/h [1]. The train must undergo various handovers, influencing system performance (data rate).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, addressing the communication issue at ultra-high speed remains a significant challenge. The authors of [1] proposed a strategy for employing FSO in ETT; the proposed model contains an optical access point fixed at the ceiling of the evacuated tube every 200 m, it works as a transceiver for optical signals communication; furthermore, two optical transceivers are installed on the train, which are located on both the front and back of the train. Hence, a 100 km distance requires 500 BSs to cover it, and the data rate is adversely affected due to the wide divergence angle used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Free Space Optics Communication for Ultra-High-Speed Train Running in Evacuated Tube

Al-Mohammed

Yaacoub

2022

Applied Sciences

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This paper develops a novel communication method for an ultra-high-speed train that runs in an evacuated tube. The proposed method significantly reduces the number of needed base stations to provide adequate coverage and data rates. Moreover, the time connectivity for each base station was enhanced considerably. The proposed method can provide improvements in terms of transmitted power and received power, either fixed or variable; this method offers a fixed or variant data rate. Moreover, the paper studies the effects of the divergence angle on transmitted and received power. Additionally, the proposed communication procedure might produce a system with a fixed data rate, such as 1.25 Gbps. It can also create a design with adaptive divergence angles (that can be altered dynamically) depending on the train distance to the base station. The results show that this method is promising for working for an ultra-high-speed train that runs in an evacuated tube. It can reduce the base stations number from 500 to less than 10 base stations with respect to the data rate and power consumption. Furthermore, a new handover method is proposed and addressed in this work.

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