An orally active immune adjuvant prepared from cones of Pinus sylvestris, enhances the proliferative phase of a primary T cell response

Bradley, W G; Holm, Katharine Nichole; Tanaka, Akiko

doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-163

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, these raw materials were often used in folk medicine in the past, among others in ancient Rome or traditional Chinese and Islamic medicine. Bark, shoots and resins were used as a panacea for, e.g., diseases of the urinary tract, digestive tract, nervous system, respiratory and skin diseases [5][6][7]. Research carried out in recent years has confirmed that compounds present in conifer shoots exhibit therapeutic effects, and shoots are rich sources of polyphenols and have antioxidant properties [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Polyphenols from Coniferous Shoots as Natural Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Compounds

et al. 2020

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Currently, coniferous shoots are almost absent as a food ingredient despite their wide availability in many parts of the world. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the composition of selected plant metabolites, evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of selected shoots collected in 2019 from the arboretum in Zielonka (Poland), including individual samples from Picea abies L. (PA), Larix decidua Mill (LD), Pinus sylvestris L. (PS), Pseudotsuga menziesii (PM) and Juniperus communis L. (JC). The present work has shown that aqueous extracts obtained from tested shoots are a rich source of phenols such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and many others. Obtained extracts exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in vitro. The highest sum of the studied phenolic compounds was found in the PA sample (13,947.80 µg/g dw), while the lowest in PS (6123.57 µg/g dw). The samples were particularly rich in ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. The highest values regarding the Folin-Ciocâlteu reagent (FCR) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) reducing ability tests, as well as the total flavonoid content assay, were obtained for the LD sample, although the LD (14.83 mg GAE/g dw) and PM (14.53 mg GAE/g dw) samples did not differ statistically in the FCR assay. With respect to free radical quenching measurements (DPPH), the PA (404.18-μM Trolox/g dw) and JC (384.30-μM Trolox/g dw) samples had the highest radical quenching ability and did not differ statistically. Generally, extracts obtained from PA and PS showed the highest antimicrobial activity against tested Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Polyphenols from Coniferous Shoots as Natural Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Compounds

et al. 2020

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“…by in vivo and in vitro experiments. A more recent study reports on the orally active immune adjuvenant prepared from Pinus sylvestris (L.) cone extracts, which was found to enhance the proliferative phase of a primary T cell response (Bradley et al, 2014). According to the authors certain polyphenylpropanoid polysaccharide complexes are responsible for the measured effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant properties assessment of the cones of conifers through the combined evaluation of multiple antioxidant assays

Hofmann

Visi-Rajczi

Albert

2020

Industrial Crops and Products

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Wood logging generates considerable amounts of waste biomass (e.g. cones, bark, leaves, and roots), worthwile to use, as a potential source of antioxidants. Polyphenols represent an important type of non-enzymatic antioxidants in plants. Current data in scientific literature regarding the antioxidant content of coniferous cones and the antioxidant concentrations at different ripening stages is limited and have not been investigated in detail yet. Our investigation aimed to implement an ultrasonic extraction method for the assessment and comparison of the antioxidant polyphenol content of conifer cones: six arbitrarily selected taxa (Cedrus atlantica, Larix decidua, Picea abies, Pinus nigra, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga canadensis) commonly found in Hungary were investigated in the present study, which provides methodology for future investigations. The comparison of green, mature, and opened cones were carried out for each taxon. Folin-Ciocâlteu total phenol content, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were used to assess the antioxidant properties. The 30 min ultrasonic extraction using acetone:water 80:20 v/v solution resulted in the optimum yield on total polyphenols, FRAP, and DPPH. Best values were found for green cones, followed by mature, and opened cones for each species. Overall antioxidant power was determined by a scoring system that combined the three assay results. Taxa with the highest scores were Picea abies and Tsuga Canadensis, which contained high amounts of antioxidants in both green and mature cones and, surprisingly, also in opened cones (P. abies). Results provide a basis for future investigation and comparison involving a large number of taxa.

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“…H 2 O 2 production was high in the Wsamisgt lines ( Fig. 3B,C) because higher amount of acetate group of CM-H 2 DCFDA was cleaved by esterases and its thiol-reactive chloromethyl group reacts with glutathione and other thiols (Bradley et al 2014 (Henzler and Steudle 2000). Accumulated H 2 O 2 in the cell was further reduced by the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase system (Willekens et al 1997, Soshinkova et al 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…H 2 O 2 production was high in the Wsamisgt lines (Fig. B,C) because higher amount of acetate group of CM‐H 2 DCFDA was cleaved by esterases and its thiol‐reactive chloromethyl group reacts with glutathione and other thiols (Bradley et al ). H 2 O 2 migrates more easily within the cell and reacts with some cell compounds resulting in lipid peroxides formation which cause high MDA accumulation and membrane damage (Weisany et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterol glycosyltransferases required for adaptation of Withania somnifera at high temperature

Singh

Tiwari

Singh

et al. 2017

Physiologia Plantarum

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Heat is a major environmental stress factor that confines growth, productivity, and metabolism of plants. Plants respond to such unfavorable conditions through changes in their physiological, biochemical and developmental processes. Withania somnifera, an important medicinal plant, grows in hot and dry conditions, however, molecular mechanisms related to such adaptive properties are not known. Here, we elucidated that members of the sterol glycosyltransferases (SGT) gene family play important roles in the survival of W. somnifera under adverse conditions through maintaining the integrity of the membrane. SGTs are enzymes involved in sterol modifications and participate in metabolic flexibility during stress. Silencing of WsSGT members, for instance WsSGTL1, WsSGTL2 and WsSGTL4, was inimical for important physiological parameters, such as electron transport rate, photochemical quantum yield, acceptor side limitation, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), Fv/Fm and net photosynthetic rate, whereas stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and dark respiration rates (Rds) were increased. Decreased NPQ and increased Rds helped to generate significant amount of ROS in the Wsamisgt lines. After heat stress, H O , lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production increased in the Wsamisgt lines due to high ROS generation. The expression of HSPs in Wsamisgt lines might be involved in regulation of physiological processes during stress. We have also observed increased proline accumulation which might be involved in restricting water loss in the Wsamisgt lines. Taken together, our observations revealed that SGTL enzyme activity is required to maintain the internal damages of the cell against high temperature by maintaining the sterol vs sterol glycosides ratio in the membranes of W. somnifera.

show abstract

An orally active immune adjuvant prepared from cones of Pinus sylvestris, enhances the proliferative phase of a primary T cell response

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Identification of Polyphenols from Coniferous Shoots as Natural Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Compounds

Identification of Polyphenols from Coniferous Shoots as Natural Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Compounds

Antioxidant properties assessment of the cones of conifers through the combined evaluation of multiple antioxidant assays

Sterol glycosyltransferases required for adaptation of Withania somnifera at high temperature

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