An orthodontic analysis of the smile dynamics with videography

Abstract

Background and objectives: Smile is one of the most effective means by which people convey their emotions. The objective of this study was to capture, analyse and measure the parameters through videos clips for studying the dynamics of posed and unposed smile and to measure the parameters through video clips for studying the dynamics of speech. Methodology: A total of 100 subjects seeking orthodontic treatment with Angle's Class I malocclusion were included in the study. The principal investigator selected the frames for speech and a panel of five members selected the appropriate frames for posed smile and unposed smiles. Frames after videography were used for measurements. Parameters like Maximum incisor exposure, Lower lip to upper incisor, Gingival exposure, Interlabial gap etc were measured in "mm" for posed and unposed smile frames. Categorical data was compared using McNemar's test. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The median of maximum upper incisal exposure (p ¼ 2.2e-16), lower lip to upper incisor (p ¼ 2.422e-13 A ), inter-labial gap (p ¼ 2.2e-16 A ), smile width (p ¼ 5.212e-16 A ) and smile index were significant (p ¼ 0.0001 A ). There was a significant change from not exposed to exposed gingival exposure over posed smile to unposed smile (p ¼ 0.0008). The most posterior maxillary tooth visible in the posed and unposed groups were the second premolars in 57% and 74% patients, respectively. In both the smile groups, 55% of subjects exhibited a consonant smile. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the information obtained from the current video graphic study can be used as a guideline for the diagnosis and as a part of comprehensive treatment planning.

A Scoping Review to Find Reliable Smile Analysis Method

“…20 These studies used software to analyze the facial photograph as well as examined by selected specialists or dentist and results are compared showing a significant difference. 8 Six studies, Van der Geld et al, 9 Maulik et al, 10 Singh et al 13 Tarvade et al, 3 Wang et al, 19 Rao et al 22 have recorded videos of the patient as a dynamic records. They have recorded the patient while smiling, speaking, forceful smile, etc., each aspect of the facial feature to be analyzed later.…”

“…Six studies, Van der Geld et al, 9 Maulik et al, 10 Singh et al 13 Tarvade et al, 3 Wang et al, 19 Rao et al 22 have recorded videos of the patient as a dynamic records. They have recorded the patient while smiling, speaking, forceful smile, etc., each aspect of the facial feature to be analyzed later.…”

“…p < 0.05 was considered significant. 22 Basting RT et al selected six examiners chosen (three specialists with advanced training and three general dentists) and used AutoCAD software for computer analysis. Each specialist rated 100 images of smiles as aesthetically pleasing or unappealing.…”

“…27,34 Our scoping review also supports the use of digital video technology, DSD systems with use of 10 commandments of smile esthetics. [8][9][10]16,18,19,22 With the use of latest technologies and knowledge in literature, a clinician can correctly identify the problem, assess the treatment need and give a satisfactory outcome to the patient. To have a better knowledge of the most reliable smile analysis method, a systematic review and meta-analysis should be performed.…”

“…25 Based on the pioneering research of Kokich et al, 26 some authors turned to digital imaging technologies to find more scientific and consistent references. Since then, the following smile variables have been studied: Smile arc 11, 22, 27, 10 ; buccal corridor 10, 11, 19, 22, 28 ; amount of gingival exposure when smiling asymmetry 22, 28–30 ; presence of gingival and incisal 22, 22, 31-33 presence of anterosuperior diastema 29, 31 presence of midline shift and alterations in axial proclination 26, 33 maxillary incisors ratio, size and symmetry. 27, 34 Our scoping review also supports the use of digital video technology, DSD systems with use of 10 commandments of smile esthetics.…”