An outbreak of gangrenous dermatitis in commercial broiler chickens

Li, G. X.; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Lee, Kyung-Woo; Jang, Seung I.; Marc, P; Ritter, G.; Bautista, Daniel; Phillips, Kathy L.; Neumann, Anthony P.; Rehberger, T.; Siragusa, Gregory R.

doi:10.1080/03079457.2010.487517

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In contrast, a congruent MLST analysis performed previously by our group with a collection of 108 poultry gangrene-associated Clostridium septicum isolates identified an average of 2.7 alleles per loci and 10 total STs (27). C. septicum provides a useful comparison, since it is often considered the more primary etiological agent in the pathology of poultry gangrene (21,26,27,39). The levels of allelic and ST diversity in the core genomes of the isolates analyzed here are high given the demographics of this collection of C. perfringens strains in comparison to those of similar studies and contrast strongly with the very low diversity observed in orthologous genes of C. septicum strains of similar host and environmental origins (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In contrast to these findings for NE isolates, the PG-associated isolates were more genetically polymorphic and in many instances were closely related to isolates from asymptomatic poultry. The exact role of C. perfringens in PG remains unclear, particularly since C. septicum has been implicated as the primary etiologic agent in most recent outbreaks (21,39), which may explain why clear lineages of C. perfringens associated with PG were generally not observed. A conserved ability of most C. perfringens type A strains to contribute to gangrene under the appropriate conditions might also explain the intermingling of isolates from healthy and diseased specimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poultry gangrene infections commonly involve C. perfringens and other members of the histotoxic clostridia, primarily Clostridium septicum, although some nonclostridial species have also been implicated (12,21,39). Poultry gangrene can be initiated via environmental contamination of an external wound; however, recent evidence supports an endogenous, likely gastrointestinal, route of infection in cases of subcutaneous gas gangrene (26).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multilocus Sequence Typing Subtypes of Poultry Clostridium perfringens Isolates Demonstrate Disease Niche Partitioning

Hibberd¹,

Neumann²,

Rehberger³

et al. 2011

J Clin Microbiol

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Clostridium perfringens is a ubiquitous and versatile pathogenic bacterium and is implicated in the etiology of the poultry diseases necrotic enteritis (NE) and poultry gangrene (PG). In this study, multilocus sequence typing was used to investigate genotypic relationships among 139 C. perfringens isolates from 74 flocks. These isolates had multiple disease, host, and environmental origins. The results indicated a polymorphic yet highly clonal population, with 79.6% of all isolates partitioning into one of six clonal complexes or two dominant sequence types, ST-9 and ST-31. The most prolific clonal complex, CC-1, contained 27.3% of all isolates and was not clearly associated with one particular disease. The subtypes CC-4 and ST-31 were highly associated with NE and represented 9.4% and 7.2% of the total isolates, respectively. No PG-associated and NE-associated C. perfringens isolates shared the same sequence type or clonal complex. NE-associated subtypes were more clonal and appeared more evolutionarily divergent than PG-associated subtypes, which tended to cluster in the more ancestral lineages alongside isolates from asymptomatic chickens and turkeys. Toxin gene screening identified cpb2 throughout these isolates and correlated the presence of netB with NE pathology. Previous investigations into the genetic basis of C. perfringens pathogenicity have focused on toxins and other variable genetic elements. This study presents the first sequence-based comparison of C. perfringens isolates recovered in clinical cases of PG and NE and demonstrates that niche specialization is observable in the core genomes of poultry-associated C. perfringens isolates, a concept with both epidemiological and evolutionary significance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Multilocus Sequence Typing Subtypes of Poultry Clostridium perfringens Isolates Demonstrate Disease Niche Partitioning

Hibberd¹,

Neumann²,

Rehberger³

et al. 2011

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Used litter was obtained from two different broiler farms with (GD litter) or without (used litter) a history of gangrenous dermatitis (GD), where at least 10 broiler flocks had already been grown. Our previous study showed that GD typically occurs at 4 to 7 weeks of age in broiler chickens and is associated with C. perfringens and C. septicum (Li et al, 2010a,b). In the US, GD is one emerging disease of concern and it has been proposed that disrupted gut microbiota may play a role in the development of field GD infection (Ritter, 2006; Dumas et al, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of <italic>Bacillus Subtilis</italic>-based Direct-fed Microbials on Immune Status in Broiler Chickens Raised on Fresh or Used Litter

Lee

Lillehoj

Jang

et al. 2013

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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Type of dietary direct-fed microbials (DFMs) or poultry litter could directly influence the composition of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota plays an important role in shaping the developing immune system and maintaining the homeostasis of the mature immune system in mammal and chickens. The present study was carried out to investigate the interaction among litter, DFMs and immunity in broiler chickens exposed to a field-simulated environment. Immune status of broiler chickens was assessed by serum antibodies against Eimeria spp. and Clostridium spp. and intestinal cytokine mRNA expression. The current experimental design had a 3 ×2 factorial arrangement of treatments with three types of litter, i.e., fresh litter or used litter that was obtained from a farm with no disease outbreak (used litter) or a farm with history of a gangrenous dermatitis outbreak (GD litter), and two dietary treatments with or without DFMs. It was found that either DFM addition or type of litter significantly affected anticoccidial antibody levels of broiler chickens at d 42. In general, dietary DFMs increased the anticoccidial antibodies in the fresh-litter raised chickens, but lowered the levels in the GD-litter raised chickens. Serum antibodies against Clostridium perfringens α-toxin were significantly (p<0.05) higher in chickens raised on GD litter compared with those raised on fresh litter. Cytokine mRNA expression was significantly (p<0.05) altered by either the type of litter or DFMs. Of interest, dietary DFMs lowered interferon-γ, interleukin 1beta, and CXCLi2 cytokine mRNA expression in chickens raised on fresh litter but increased them in GD-litter raised chickens. In conclusion, dietary DFMs modulate various immune parameters of broiler chickens, but the DFM-mediated effects were dependent upon the type of litter on which chickens were raised.

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“…Gangrenous dermatitis is caused by contamination of more than one type of bacteria including Clostridium septicum, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli (Li et al, 2010). Owing to the involvement of various bacterial pathogens in gangrenous dermatitis, broader-spectrum antibiotics are needed for the treatment and control of this disease.…”

Section: Approved Antibiotics Against Poultry Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Health: Global Antibiotic Issues

Peng

Biswas

2014

Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems

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An outbreak of gangrenous dermatitis in commercial broiler chickens

Cited by 41 publications

References 49 publications

Multilocus Sequence Typing Subtypes of Poultry Clostridium perfringens Isolates Demonstrate Disease Niche Partitioning

Multilocus Sequence Typing Subtypes of Poultry Clostridium perfringens Isolates Demonstrate Disease Niche Partitioning

Effect of <italic>Bacillus Subtilis</italic>-based Direct-fed Microbials on Immune Status in Broiler Chickens Raised on Fresh or Used Litter

Animal Health: Global Antibiotic Issues

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An outbreak of gangrenous dermatitis in commercial broiler chickens

Cited by 41 publications

References 49 publications

Multilocus Sequence Typing Subtypes of Poultry Clostridium perfringens Isolates Demonstrate Disease Niche Partitioning

Multilocus Sequence Typing Subtypes of Poultry Clostridium perfringens Isolates Demonstrate Disease Niche Partitioning

Effect of &lt;italic&gt;Bacillus Subtilis&lt;/italic&gt;-based Direct-fed Microbials on Immune Status in Broiler Chickens Raised on Fresh or Used Litter

Animal Health: Global Antibiotic Issues

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Effect of <italic>Bacillus Subtilis</italic>-based Direct-fed Microbials on Immune Status in Broiler Chickens Raised on Fresh or Used Litter