An outbreak of haemolytic anaemia associated with infection of<i>Theileria orientalis</i>in naïve cattle

McFadden, Andrew; Rawdon, T G; Meyer, Julie; Makin, J.; Morley, C.; Clough, R R; Tham, K. M.; Müllner, Petra; Geysen, Dirk

doi:10.1080/00480169.2011.552857

Cited by 123 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…T. orientalis is not considered to be highly pathogenic; however, clinical signs of anemia have sometimes been observed in cattle affected by this parasite (5,8). In contrast, previous studies of splenectomized calves indicate that only immunocompromised animals exhibit anemia-related clinical signs when they are infected with B. ovata (3).…”

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confidence: 72%

“…Therefore, mixed infections with the two parasites are expected to be very common in areas of endemicity (3). Although several researchers have focused on the clinical consequences of infection with each of these parasites alone (3,5), the pathobiology of mixed infection with T. orientalis and B. ovata has not been evaluated. Infections with T. orientalis and B. ovata can be diagnosed by examination of Giemsa-stained thin blood smears under a light microscope.…”

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confidence: 99%

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PCR Detection of Babesia ovata from Cattle Reared in Japan and Clinical Significance of Coinfection with Theileria orientalis

et al. 2012

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We describe here the clinical significance of coinfection with Theileria orientalis and Babesia ovata in cattle. Anemia status in a herd of dairy cattle in Japan was investigated in relation to infection with these parasites. Our findings indicate that while B. ovata infection might not be the primary cause of anemia in the cattle, it may contribute to the clinical development of anemia in animals coinfected with both B. ovata and T. orientalis .

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confidence: 72%

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confidence: 99%

PCR Detection of Babesia ovata from Cattle Reared in Japan and Clinical Significance of Coinfection with Theileria orientalis

et al. 2012

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“…The major clinical signs of this disease include fever, anemia, jaundice, lethargy, weakness, abortion, and/or mortality (16-18), with significant production losses in dairy cattle (22). Thus far, four genotypes (Buffeli, Chitose, Ikeda, and type 5) of T. orientalis have been reported in Australia (13,18,(20)(21)(22)(23).Currently, the diagnosis of oriental theileriosis is usually based on the observation of clinical signs, the detection of piroplasms of T. orientalis in blood smears (19,24,25), and/or the use of serological (26) or conventional molecular techniques (7,27,28). Each of these approaches has limitations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Semiquantitative Multiplexed Tandem PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Four Theileria orientalis Genotypes in Cattle

et al. 2015

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bOriental theileriosis is an emerging, tick-borne disease of bovines in the Asia-Pacific region and is caused by one or more genotypes of the Theileria orientalis complex. This study aimed to establish and validate a multiplexed tandem PCR (MT-PCR) assay using three distinct markers (major piroplasm surface protein, 23-kDa piroplasm membrane protein, and the first internal transcribed spacer of nuclear DNA), for the simultaneous detection and semiquantification of four genotypes (Buffeli, Chitose, Ikeda, and type 5) of the T. orientalis complex. Analytical specificity, analytical sensitivity, and repeatability of the established MT-PCR assay were assessed in a series of experiments. Subsequently, the assay was evaluated using 200 genomic DNA samples collected from cattle from farms on which oriental theileriosis outbreaks had occurred, and 110 samples from a region where no outbreaks had been reported. The results showed the MT-PCR assay specifically and reproducibly detected the expected genotypes (i.e., genotypes Buffeli, Chitose, Ikeda, and type 5) of the T. orientalis complex, reliably differentiated them, and was able to detect as little as 1 fg of genomic DNA from each genotype. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the MT-PCR were estimated at 94.0% and 98.8%, respectively. The MT-PCR assay established here is a practical and effective diagnostic tool for the four main genotypes of T. orientalis complex in Australia and should assist studies of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of oriental theileriosis in the Asia-Pacific region.T ick-borne diseases (TBDs) pose a major threat to livestock production worldwide and can have a significant impact on farming communities due to economic losses (1). Theileriosis is one of the important TBDs of cattle, sheep, and/or other ruminants, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world (2). In cattle, East Coast fever (ECF) and Mediterranean/tropical theileriosis are due to Theileria parva and Theileria annulata, respectively, whereas oriental theileriosis is caused by Theileria orientalis. The prevalence of various forms of theileriosis in different parts of the world is dependent on the occurrence of suitable tick vectors for their transmission (3).Oriental theileriosis is caused by one or more genotypes of the T. orientalis complex and is transmitted by ixodid ticks, primarily Haemaphysalis spp. (4-6). Presently, 11 genotypes of T. orientalis complex (designated Chitose or type 1, Ikeda or type 2, Buffeli or type 3, types 4 to 8, and N-1 to N-3) have been identified using a number of molecular markers, including major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) (7, 8), 23-kDa piroplasm membrane protein (p23) (9-11, 60), small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (8, 12, 13), and/or the first and second internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively) (12, 14). Of these genotypes, Ikeda and Chitose are recognized to be associated with clinical outbreaks of oriental theileriosis, mainly in the Asia-Pacific region (15-21). The major clin...

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“…For example, Islam et al [26] provide strong evidence for such a mode of infection through genetic typing of the pathogen. However, even via this mode of transmission, infection of a naive herd depends on local environmental conditions conducive to tick survival [25]. We therefore conclude that risk of infection via incoming animal movements is determined by the geographical regions and time periods within which the vector population is active.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…While many T. orientalis genotypes are endemic in NZ, and cause only rare cases of clinical disease, the Ikeda genotype appears to be associated with high morbidity and mortality haemolytic anaemia [25,26]. The tick Haemaphysalis longicornis is a putative vector for T. orientalis spp.…”

Section: Motivating Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian data assimilation provides rapid decision support for vector-borne diseases

Jewell

Brown

2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Predicting the spread of vector-borne diseases in response to incursions requires knowledge of both host and vector demographics in advance of an outbreak. Although host population data are typically available, for novel disease introductions there is a high chance of the pathogen using a vector for which data are unavailable. This presents a barrier to estimating the parameters of dynamical models representing host-vector-pathogen interaction, and hence limits their ability to provide quantitative risk forecasts. The Theileria orientalis (Ikeda) outbreak in New Zealand cattle demonstrates this problem: even though the vector has received extensive laboratory study, a high degree of uncertainty persists over its national demographic distribution. Addressing this, we develop a Bayesian data assimilation approach whereby indirect observations of vector activity inform a seasonal spatio-temporal risk surface within a stochastic epidemic model. We provide quantitative predictions for the future spread of the epidemic, quantifying uncertainty in the model parameters, case infection times and the disease status of undetected infections. Importantly, we demonstrate how our model learns sequentially as the epidemic unfolds and provide evidence for changing epidemic dynamics through time. Our approach therefore provides a significant advance in rapid decision support for novel vector-borne disease outbreaks.

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An outbreak of haemolytic anaemia associated with infection ofTheileria orientalisin naïve cattle

Cited by 123 publications

References 17 publications

PCR Detection of Babesia ovata from Cattle Reared in Japan and Clinical Significance of Coinfection with Theileria orientalis

PCR Detection of Babesia ovata from Cattle Reared in Japan and Clinical Significance of Coinfection with Theileria orientalis

Semiquantitative Multiplexed Tandem PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Four Theileria orientalis Genotypes in Cattle

Bayesian data assimilation provides rapid decision support for vector-borne diseases

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