An Outbreak of Schistosomiasis in Atlantic Brant Geese, Branta Bernicla Hrota

Wojcinski, Zbigniew W.; Barker, Ian K.; Hunter, Douglas B.; Lumsden, H. G.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-23.2.248

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…(probably Anserobilharzia brantae, based on current taxonomy) revealed the development of granulomas around eggs located in the colon (218). Granulomas were also observed in the duodenum and small intestine of pigeons infected with Ornithobilharzia canaliculata (16).…”

Section: Pathology Caused By Visceral Species In Birds and Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Avian Schistosomes and Outbreaks of Cercarial Dermatitis

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Cercarial dermatitis (swimmer's itch) is a condition caused by infective larvae (cercariae) of a species-rich group of mammalian and avian schistosomes. Over the last decade, it has been reported in areas that previously had few or no cases of dermatitis and is thus considered an emerging disease. It is obvious that avian schistosomes are responsible for the majority of reported dermatitis outbreaks around the world, and thus they are the primary focus of this review. Although they infect humans, they do not mature and usually die in the skin. Experimental infections of avian schistosomes in mice show that in previously exposed hosts, there is a strong skin immune reaction that kills the schistosome. However, penetration of larvae into naive mice can result in temporary migration from the skin. This is of particular interest because the worms are able to migrate to different organs, for example, the lungs in the case of visceral schistosomes and the central nervous system in the case of nasal schistosomes. The risk of such migration and accompanying disorders needs to be clarified for humans and animals of interest (e.g., dogs). Herein we compiled the most comprehensive review of the diversity, immunology, and epidemiology of avian schistosomes causing cercarial dermatitis.

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Section: Pathology Caused By Visceral Species In Birds and Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Avian Schistosomes and Outbreaks of Cercarial Dermatitis

et al. 2015

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“…Allobilharzia is known only from swans (Kolářová et al, 2006; Brant, 2007), and T. brantae is known only from geese (Farr and Blankemeyer, 1956; Wojcinski et al, 1987). The remaining species of Trichobilharzia collected for this study parasitize ducks of the Anatinae, Aythyinae, and Merginae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Systematics of the Avian Schistosome Genus Trichobilharzia (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) in North America

Brant

Loker

2009

Journal of Parasitology

102

177

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Trichobilharzia is a genus of thread-like schistosomes with a cosmopolitan distribution in birds. Species of Trichobilharzia achieve notoriety as major etiological agents of cercarial dermatitis, or swimmer's itch. There are 40 species described in the literature, for which the majority lacks molecular sequence information. To better understand the phylogenetic relationships, diversity, species boundaries, host use, and geographic distribution of this genus, we surveyed 378 birds and over 10,000 snails from North America. The phylogenetic analysis was based on nuclear 18S, 28S rDNA, internal transcribed spacer region and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequence data. Specimens were recovered that could be related to 6 of the 14 described species of Trichobilharzia from North America (T. physellae, T. querquedulae, T. szidati, T. stagnicolae, T. franki, and T. brantae). An additional 5 lineages were found that could not be related directly to previously described species. Trichobilharzia brantae, transmitted by Gyraulus parvus, grouped outside the clade containing the recognized species of Trichobilharzia. A subgroup of the Trichobilharzia clade designated Clade Q was comprised of closely related species whose adults and eggs are similar, yet the European species use lymnaeids whereas the North American species use physids as snail hosts. This molecular phylogeny provides a useful framework to: 1) facilitate identification of worms, including those involved in dermatitis outbreaks; 2) test hypotheses about the evolution, diversification, host-parasite interactions and character evolution of Trichobilharzia; and 3) guide future taxonomic revision of Trichobilharzia.TrichobilharziaSkrjabin and Zakharov, 1920 is the most speciose genus within the Schistosomatidae Weinland 1858. The genus is comprised of 40 described species worldwide (Blair and Islam, 1983;Horák et al., 2002), of which 14 (Table I) have been described from North America. Members of this genus are reported to infect 5 orders of aquatic birds and 4 families of freshwater snails . Adult worms occur in the mesenteric or nasal veins of their definitive hosts, usually ducks, except in Africa where they also have been reported from other groups of aquatic birds such as grebes and ibises (Fain, 1956;Blair and Islam, 1983) and in Japan, from passerine birds (Oda, 1973). Blair and Islam (1983) and Horák et al. (2002) present the most recent reviews of this genus. The known snail intermediate hosts for most of the species are members of the basommatophoran families Lymnaeidae Rafinesque, 1815 and Physidae Fitzinger, 1833. Some species of Trichobilharzia also infect snails of Planorbidae Rafinesque, 1815, another basommatophoran family (Basch, 1966;Nassi, 1987;Rind, 1991), and the Pleuroceridae Fischer, 1885, a caenogastropod family (Ito, 1960a, b). The 14 described North American species of Trichobilharzia (Table I) Cercariae of species of Trichobilharzia were the first to be implicated in causing cercarial dermatitis or swimmer's itch (Cort, 1928...

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“…, 1975; Chanová, Vuong & Horák, 2007). In addition, in the later phase of a heavy infection, some adult flukes and eggs may be dislocated and occur in the lungs (Morales, Helmboldt & Penner, 1971; Wojcinski et al. , 1987).…”

Section: Birds As Definitive Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snails, waterfowl and cercarial dermatitis

Horák

Kolářová

2010

Freshwater Biology

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1. Birds and snails are suitable hosts for many parasites, including helminths in general and trematodes in particular. Among trematodes, members of the family Schistosomatidae with two-host life cycles (snails as intermediate hosts and birds as definitive hosts) are successful and abundant pathogens. Their transmission between birds and snails in nature can be influenced by many abiotic and biotic factors. 2. In snails, the prevalence of schistosome infections and production of cercariae can be influenced by host immunological susceptibility ⁄ physiological suitability, snail age ⁄ size, interspecific competition of trematode larvae, etc. Schistosomes are able to survive in overwintering snails, serving as a source of infection in spring. 3. Birds may also differ in susceptibility to and prevalence rates of schistosome infections. They are long-range vectors of schistosomes. 4. Climate changes influence behaviour of migratory birds, lead to shifts in season-or temperature-dependent processes in snails and schistosomes, and influence the frequency of schistosome transmission and intensity of infection. Also, eutrophication can increase the growth of snail populations and transmission of bird schistosomes. 5. Dispersal of bird schistosomes to new regions and an increased availability (local abundance) of the snail hosts, together with the use of new water reservoirs (e.g., in higher latitudes) for recreational purposes, may contribute to a higher number of outbreaks of cercarial dermatitis.

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An Outbreak of Schistosomiasis in Atlantic Brant Geese, Branta Bernicla Hrota

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Avian Schistosomes and Outbreaks of Cercarial Dermatitis

Avian Schistosomes and Outbreaks of Cercarial Dermatitis

Molecular Systematics of the Avian Schistosome Genus Trichobilharzia (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) in North America

Snails, waterfowl and cercarial dermatitis

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