An Overview of Densification, Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V — Comparison among Selective Laser Melting, Electron Beam Melting, Laser Metal Deposition and Selective Laser Sintering, and with Conventional Powder

Yan, Ming; Yu, Peng

doi:10.5772/59275

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The results obtained in this work suggest that the presence of the W particles has a similar impact on the mechanical properties of the AM Ti-6Al-4V tensile specimens as the lack-of-fusion defects reported by Kobryn et al [26] and Qui et al [27]. The melting temperature of W is significantly higher (3422 °C [31]) than the liquidus temperature of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy (1660 °C [32]). In addition, the W is characterised as a hard material, with low ductility, in the conditions here considered [33].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Challenges in Additive Manufacturing of Space Parts: Powder Feedstock Cross-Contamination and Its Impact on End Products

et al. 2017

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This work studies the tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V samples produced by laser powder bed based Additive Manufacturing (AM), for different build orientations. The results showed high scattering of the yield and tensile strength and low fracture elongation. The subsequent fractographic investigation revealed the presence of tungsten particles on the fracture surface. Hence, its detection and impact on tensile properties of AM Ti-6Al-4V were investigated. X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) scanning indicated that these inclusions were evenly distributed throughout the samples, however the inclusions area was shown to be larger in the load-bearing plane for the vertical specimens. A microstructural study proved that the mostly spherical tungsten particles were embedded in the fully martensitic Ti-6Al-4V AM material. The particle size distribution, the flowability and the morphology of the powder feedstock were investigated and appeared to be in line with observations from other studies. X-ray CT scanning of the powder however made the high density particles visible, where various techniques, commonly used in the certification of powder feedstock, failed to detect the contaminant. As the detection of cross contamination in the powder feedstock proves to be challenging, the use of only one type of powder per AM equipment is recommended for critical applications such as Space parts.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Challenges in Additive Manufacturing of Space Parts: Powder Feedstock Cross-Contamination and Its Impact on End Products

et al. 2017

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“…Ti-6Al-4V has been broadly applied in industry and studied in the laboratory, resulting in an extensive knowledgebase relative to other metal alloys fabricated by this technology. Heat treatment of AM Ti-6Al-4V for different technologies has been extensively studied with the purpose of relieving stress and achieving an equilibrium microstructure, eliminating the metastable α' martensite phase and obtaining a microstructure with exclusively α and β phases [10]. However for the EBM technology, the relation between microstructure and mechanical properties has been mainly limited to the as-fabricated condition, except for some cases where hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was applied to the EBM parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of heat treatments on microstructure and properties of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM)

Galarraga

Warren

Lados

et al. 2017

Materials Science and Engineering: A

316

141

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Electron beam melting (EBM) is a metal powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (AM) technology that is used to fabricate three-dimensional near-net-shaped parts directly from computer models. Ti-6Al-4V is the most widely used and studied alloy for this technology and is the focus of this work in its ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) variation. Microstructure evolution and its influence on the mechanical properties of the alloy in the as-fabricated condition have been documented by various researchers. In the present work, different heat treatments were performed based on three approaches in order to study the effects of heat treatments on the unique microstructure formed during the EBM fabrication process. In the first approach, the effect of various cooling rates after the solutionizing process was studied. In the second approach, a correlation between the variation of α lath thickness during aging and the subsequent effect on mechanical properties was established. Lastly, several combined solutionizing and aging experiments were conducted; the results will be systematically discussed in the context of structural performance and design.

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“…By using SEM observation, it could be seen that the acicular martensitic α' inside the elongated-prior-β grains are arranged at ± 45 0 to the building direction (Fig.7). These microstructure features of the AM Ti-6Al-4V products are the result of the extremely rapid heating and cooling rates during the solidification in the AM process, which can reach 10 4 -10 5 Ks -1 and the martensitic needle is transformed from the β phase and the martensite starts to nucleate at the temperature 850 o C [15][16][17][18][19]. The measured Vickers microhardness values of the specimens are listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microstructural Revolution of Ti-6Al-4V Specimens Fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering of Pre-alloyed Powders

Nguyen

Kim

2019

JST

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Selective laser sintering (SLS) is known as a cutting-edge technique to manufacture complex geometry products. Among various kinds of materials, Ti-6Al-4V is one of the most popular materials for the SLS process. The as-built Ti-6Al-4V products were widely applied in many applications such as aerospace, automobile, and especially in medical and implant parts. The purpose of this research is to investigate the microstructure and other properties of Ti6Al4V pre-alloyed powders produced by selective laser sintering technique. Through this research, the direct fabrication of Ti6Al4V metal object by SLS machine has been carried out using MetalSys250 machine. Different parameters of the SLS process were used to produce 1cm x1cmx1cm cubic samples and then microstructure, as well as mechanical properties of the as-built samples were investigated. Powder particles are fully dense, possess a spherical shape and are composed of acicular α phase. The as-build sample shows the oriented acicular martensitic phase with the defined columnar grain structures.

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An Overview of Densification, Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V — Comparison among Selective Laser Melting, Electron Beam Melting, Laser Metal Deposition and Selective Laser Sintering, and with Conventional Powder

Cited by 59 publications

References 89 publications

Challenges in Additive Manufacturing of Space Parts: Powder Feedstock Cross-Contamination and Its Impact on End Products

Challenges in Additive Manufacturing of Space Parts: Powder Feedstock Cross-Contamination and Its Impact on End Products

Effects of heat treatments on microstructure and properties of Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM)

The Microstructural Revolution of Ti-6Al-4V Specimens Fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering of Pre-alloyed Powders

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