An Overview of Discovery of Thiazole Containing Heterocycles as Potent GSK-3β Inhibitors

Abstract

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine (ser/thr) kinase that was originally identified as a regulator of glycogen metabolism and coupled with insulin signaling. Due to multifunctionality of this enzyme, it is found to play an important role in the onset and progression of various human diseases. Thiazole nucleus has received special attention by medicinal chemists because of its wide therapeutic potential. The objective of this review is to cover all the aspects of GSK-3β enzyme including its clinical implications, types of inhibitors with special reference to thiazole as GSK-3β inhibitor. Literature search was performed using Pubmed/Medline and Google Scholar to search for articles published in English language.

Copper-Coordinated Thiazoles and Benzothiazoles: A Perfect Alliance in the Search for Compounds with Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity

“…There are numerous antibiotics of the cephalosporin family (cefcapene, cefdaloxime, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefepime, cefetamet, cefiderocol, cefixime, cefmatilen, cefmenoxime, cefodizime, cefotaxime, cefotiam, cefoselis, cefovecin, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefquinome, ceftaroline, ceftazidime, cefteram, ceftibutene, ceftiofur, ceftiolene, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cefuzonam), as well as various antibiotics with diverse structures, such as sulfathiazole, aztreonam, tigemonam, pyrazmonam, carumonam, penicillin and its derivatives (ampicillin and amoxicillin) [24][25][26][27], Figure 4. In addition to various anticancer drugs such as alpelisib, bleomycin, curacin, dabrafenib, dasatinib, epothilone, ixabepilone, thiazofurin, and vosaroxin, there are various antifungal drugs, such as abafungin, cabemdazole, ethaboxam, isavuconazole, mixothiazole, ravuconazole, and thiabendazole [20][21][22][23] (Figure 3).…”

“…Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy shows an electronic absorption band with λ max of 235 nm, ε = 3000 L mol −1 cm −1 [31][32][33][34]. There are numerous antibiotics of the cephalosporin family (cefcapene, cefdaloxime, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefepime, cefetamet, cefiderocol, cefixime, cefmatilen, cefmenoxime, cefodizime, cefotaxime, cefotiam, cefoselis, cefovecin, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefquinome, ceftaroline, ceftazidime, cefteram, ceftibutene, ceftiofur, ceftiolene, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cefuzonam), as well as various antibiotics with diverse structures, such as sulfathiazole, aztreonam, tigemonam, pyrazmonam, carumonam, penicillin and its derivatives (ampicillin and amoxicillin) [24][25][26][27], Figure 4.…”

New Thiazolyl-Pyrazoline Derivatives as Potential Dual EGFR/HER2 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Activity Evaluation and In Silico Study

“…Moreover, Ixabepilone is a semi-synthetic natural product that stabilizes microtubules and is a highly potent anticancer agent for the treatment of breast cancer. Moreover, thiazolebased inhibitors of kinases like phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases, EGFR [27], VEGFR [28], GSK-3β [29], and BRAF [30], exhibited promising results in preclinical studies.…”