An overview of glomerular filtration rate testing in dogs and cats

Hendy-Willson, Vanessa E. Von; Pressler, Barrak M.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.05.006

Cited by 101 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Essa substância pode ser de ocorrência natural (creatinina) ou ser administrada ao organismo (inulina, agentes de contraste ou radioisótopos). As características de uma substância ideal para essa avaliação incluem ausência de metabolismo sistêmico, filtração livre pelos glomérulos e ausência de secreção ou absorção através dos túbulos renais (KERL;COOK, 2005;VON HENDY-WILLSON;PRESSLER, 2011). O desaparecimento dessas substâncias no plasma e o seu reaparecimento na urina são mensurados durante um período de tempo por vários tipos de métodos.…”

Section: Taxa De Filtração Glomerular (Tfg)unclassified

Testes de avaliação de injúria renal precoce em cães e gatos

2014

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ResumoA identificação de injúrias renais é uma medida importante que tem como objetivo evitar a instalação de alterações irreversíveis, tal como a doença renal crônica, problema de incidência elevada em cães e gatos. As concentrações séricas de ureia e de creatinina são os parâmetros rotineiramente avaliados, quando se busca a identificação de insuficiência renal. Porém, estes valores só se encontram alterados quando 66 a 75% dos néfrons apresentam incapacidade de função excretora. Em muitas situações, uma agressão desta magnitude pode ser suficiente para causar a morte do animal. Avaliações que identifiquem a agressão, antes mesmo que as funções encontrem-se alteradas vêm sendo estudadas, mostrando serem importantes avaliadores precoces de possíveis danos irreversíveis. A quantificação das enzimas urinárias, proteína urinária, fração de excreção de eletrólitos, taxa de filtração glomerular e a observação do sedimento urinário têm grande valor como exames sensíveis de injúria renal precoce. Há a necessidade do emprego de testes que auxiliem, não somente na identificação precoce, mas também na determinação da progressão da doença e da eficácia do tratamento. A presente revisão objetiva descrever os testes laboratoriais que podem ser realizados para a avaliação precoce de injúria renal de cães e gatos. Palavras-chave: Injúria renal, diagnóstico precoce, taxa de filtração glomerular, proteinúria AbstractThe identification of kidney injury is an important measure that aims to prevent the installation of irreversible changes, such as chronic kidney disease, seen most frequently in dogs and cats. Serum urea and creatinine parameters are routinely assessed, when searching renal failure. However, these values are only changed when 66 to 75% of glomerular filtration rate has been lost. In many situations, an attack of this magnitude may be enough to cause the animal's death. Evaluations that identify the aggression, even before the functions themselves are altered, have been studied and shown to be important early evaluators, signaling prior to possible irreversible damage. The quantification of urinary enzymes, urinary protein, fractional excretion of electrolytes, glomerular filtration rate and urinary sediment, have shown great value as sensitive tests of renal injury. There is the need of the use of tests that assists in early diagnosis and also determines the progression of disease and efficacy of the treatment. The present review aims to describe the laboratory tests that may be performed to evaluate early kidney injury in dogs and cats.

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Section: Taxa De Filtração Glomerular (Tfg)unclassified

Testes de avaliação de injúria renal precoce em cães e gatos

2014

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“…Determination of GFR is a valuable tool for estimating renal function and staging kidney disease in dogs and cats . Renal clearance of inulin is the gold standard for measuring GFR .…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Serum Concentrations of Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Creatinine as Kidney Function Biomarkers in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease

Hall

Yerramilli

Obare

et al. 2014

Veterinary Internal Medicne

209

254

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BackgroundSymmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been shown to be an accurate and precise biomarker for calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in humans, as well as a more sensitive biomarker than serum creatinine concentration (sCr) for assessing renal dysfunction.ObjectivesThe purpose of this retrospective study was to report on the utility of measuring serum SDMA concentrations in cats for detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) before diagnosis by conventional measurement of sCr.AnimalsChronic kidney disease cats (n = 21) included those persistently azotemic for ≥3 months (n = 15), nonazotemic cats with GFR >30% decreased from median GFR of normal cats (n = 4), and nonazotemic cats with calcium oxalate kidney stones (n = 2). Healthy geriatric cats (n = 21) were selected from the same colony.MethodsSymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations (liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy) and sCr (enzymatic colorimetry) were determined retrospectively from historical data or banked serum samples in azotemic cats or at the time GFR (iohexol clearance) was measured in nonazotemic cats.ResultsSerum SDMA (r = −0.79) and sCr (r = −0.77) concentrations were significantly correlated to GFR (both P < .0001). Symmetric dimethylarginine became increased before sCr in 17/21 cats (mean, 17.0 months; range, 1.5–48 months). Serum SDMA had higher sensitivity (100%) compared with sCr (17%), but lower specificity (91% versus 100%) and positive predictive value (86% versus 100%).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceUsing serum SDMA as a biomarker for CKD allows earlier detection of CKD in cats compared with sCr, which may be desirable for initiating renoprotective interventions that slow progression of CKD.

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“…The GFR measurement is considered the best overall index for precise assessment of kidney function in humans [10] and other species [13]. However, application of classic urinary clearance using the standard tracer inulin to monkeys is complicated and time-consuming.…”

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confidence: 99%

Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Cynomolgus Monkeys (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>)

Iwama

Sato

Sakurai

et al. 2014

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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To estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), a three-blood-sample method using iodixanol was assessed in comparison with the conventional multisample strategy using inulin. Iodixanol and inulin were coadministered intravenously 40 mg I/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively, to male monkeys, followed by blood collection 60, 90 and 120 min later. A close correlation (r=0.96) was noted between the GFR values estimated by both methods. In clinically healthy monkeys, the basal values were determined to be 3.06 ± 0.50 ml/min/kg. This is the first report, suggesting that serum clearance of iodixanol is a ready-to-use tool for a screening the GFR in monkeys, although it is necessary to perform a more longitudinal study using animals with reduced renal function.

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An overview of glomerular filtration rate testing in dogs and cats

Cited by 101 publications

References 80 publications

Testes de avaliação de injúria renal precoce em cães e gatos

Testes de avaliação de injúria renal precoce em cães e gatos

Comparison of Serum Concentrations of Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Creatinine as Kidney Function Biomarkers in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease

Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Cynomolgus Monkeys (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>)

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