An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and transportation methods

Santos, Ronaldo Gonçalves dos; Loh, Watson; Bannwart, Antonio Carlos; Trevisan, Osvair Vidal

doi:10.1590/0104-6632.20140313s00001853

Cited by 403 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…4,8 The aromatic fraction is separated (washed off) from the adsorbent in the column using aromatic solvent such as benzene, and resins are eluted from the column with polar solvent such as methanol and chloroform. Aromatics contain compounds with one or more aromatic rings in which heteroatoms are normally embedded.…”

Section: Saramentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of Asphaltenes in Understanding Their Role in Petroleum Emulsion Stability and Fouling

et al. 2017

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SARA fractionation separates the oil into fractions of saturates (S), aromatics (A), resins (R), and asphaltenes (A) based on the differences in their polarizability and polarity.Defined as a solubility class, asphaltenes are normally considered as a menace in the petroleum industry mainly due to their problematic precipitation and adsorption at oil water and oil-solid interfaces. As a broad range of molecules fall within the group of asphaltenes with distinct sizes and structures, considering the asphaltenes as a whole was noted to limit the deep understanding of governing mechanisms in asphaltene-induced problems.Extended-SARA (E-SARA) is being proposed as a concept of asphaltene fractionation according to their interfacial activities and adsorption characteristics, providing critical information to correlate specific functional groups with certain characteristics of asphaltene aggregation, precipitation and adsorption. Such knowledge obtained is essential to addressing asphaltene-related problems by targeting specific subfractions of asphaltenes for selective removal.2

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Section: Saramentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of Asphaltenes in Understanding Their Role in Petroleum Emulsion Stability and Fouling

et al. 2017

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“…Many operations must be considered in a platform design for emulsion destabilization, including equipments such as coalescers and separators (Urdahl Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering et al, 2001). Santos et al (2014) provided an extensive revision of the methods involved on recovery and transportation methods of heavy oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Water Content, Temperature and Average Droplet Size on the Settling Velocity of Water-in-Oil Emulsions

Souza

Santos

Cruz

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions are complex mixtures generally found in crude oil production in reservoirs and processing equipment. Sedimentation studies of water-oil emulsions enable the analysis of the fluid dynamic behavior concerning separation of this system composed of two immiscible liquids. Gravitational settling was evaluated in this article for a model emulsion system consisting of water and a Brazilian crude oil diluted in a clear mineral oil as organic phase. The effects of water content and temperature were considered in the study of sedimentation velocity of water-oil emulsions. Water contents between 10% and 50 % and temperatures of 25, 40 and 60 °C were evaluated, and a Richardson-Zaki type correlation was obtained to calculate settling velocities as a function of the process variables investigated. Water contents and average droplet sizes were monitored at different levels in the settling equipment, thus enabling identification of the effect of these variables on the phenomena of sedimentation and coalescence of the emulsions studied. The results showed that the emulsion stability during sedimentation was governed by the emulsion water content, which yielded high settling velocities at low water contents, even when very small droplets were present. A quantitative analysis of the combined effects of drop size and droplet concentration supports the conclusion that a stronger effect is produced by the higher concentration of particles, compared with the relatively smaller effect of increasing the size of the droplets.

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“…Colloidal properties of asphaltenes and resins have been the subject of intense debate in the literature [10].…”

Section: Importance Of the Characterization Of Crude Oil And Asphaltenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Crude Oils and the Precipitated Asphaltenes Fraction using UV Spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering and Microscopy

Cruz¹,

Rivas²,

García³

et al. 2018

Recent Insights in Petroleum Science and Engineering

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Analysis of crude oil composition provides important information that impacts on the recovery, handling, and transportation of hydrocarbons. Crude characterization also provides data in the analysis of geochemistry of the source of origin. Crude oil characterization by optical methods is usually diicult because of its dark color; however, those characterizations are crucial because they give information that can afect some analysis procedures. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy is a simple and practical technique that allows the characterization of crude oil through dilution in solvents. A comparative study of crude oil solutions contrasted with their asphaltene fractions was performed. Each solution was analyzed in triplicate, on a UV-vis spectrophotometer. Calibration curves for both raw solutions showed no signiicant variations, indicating stability. Additionally, the results of dispersion and migration phenomena indicated stability only for crude oil solutions. The aggregate size dispersion was diferent for each type of crude and varied with respect to time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the type of morphology present for each type of asphaltene.

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An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and transportation methods

Cited by 403 publications

References 59 publications

Fractionation of Asphaltenes in Understanding Their Role in Petroleum Emulsion Stability and Fouling

Fractionation of Asphaltenes in Understanding Their Role in Petroleum Emulsion Stability and Fouling

Effect of Water Content, Temperature and Average Droplet Size on the Settling Velocity of Water-in-Oil Emulsions

Characterization of Crude Oils and the Precipitated Asphaltenes Fraction using UV Spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering and Microscopy

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