An Overview of Information Hiding in H.264/AVC Compressed Video

Tew, Yiqi; Wong, KokSheik

doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2013.2276710

Cited by 124 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Thus, there is an urgent need to manage these videos efficiently, including authenticating genuine video, labeling video content with appropriate tag, hyper-linking related videos, etc. [1]. A possible solution to these applications is information hiding, which inserts an external information into a video.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information hiding in HEVC standard using adaptive coding block size decision

Tew

Wong

2014

2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

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In this work, an information hiding techniques is proposed using the coding block size decision in HEVC. This approach manipulates the CB (coding block) size decision on every coding tree unit to embed information based on the predefined mapping rules. Each CB is forced to assume certain size to encode the external information without significantly compromising perceptual quality. To improve payload, the odd-even based information hiding technique is further deployed by manipulating the nonzero DCT coefficients in certain ranges, in which case each range depends on the CB size. Results suggest that by combining both approaches, improvement is achieved in the terms of payload for the higher bitrate scenario and insignificant degradation in perceptual video quality for the low bitrate scenario.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information hiding in HEVC standard using adaptive coding block size decision

Tew

Wong

2014

2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

Self Cite

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“…Thus, there is a significant threat to copyright owners and digital multimedia producers to conserve multimedia from intruder prospection to avert loss in transmitted data. 1 Watermarking is one of the most favorable methods to secure digital multimedia files in the domains of copyright protection and data authentication, where a watermark secret code is inserted in the transmitted digital multimedia, and it contains information about the creator of the media, the copyright owner, or the authorized user. The utilization of digital watermarks for efficient video transmission can be 2 | RELATED WORKS With the emerging evolution of 3DV applications, the security and copyright protection have become important aspects of the 3DV content storage and transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient hybrid watermarking schemes for robust and secure 3D‐MVC communication

El‐Shafai

El-Rabaie

El-Halawany

et al. 2017

Int J Communication

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Digital watermarking is a promising and efficient methodology for protecting the copyright of the transmitted multimedia data. Three-dimensional videos (3DVs) are transmitted and stored in the form of compressed information.Thus, there is a great need for compressed 3DV watermarking. This paper presents 2 proposed hybrid watermarking schemes for securing the 3DV transmission. The first watermarking scheme is the homomorphic transform-based singular value decomposition in discrete wavelet transform domain. The second scheme is the 3-level discrete stationary wavelet transform in discrete cosine transform domain. The objective of the 2 proposed hybrid watermarking schemes is to increase the immunity of the watermarked 3DV to attacks and achieve adequate perceptual quality. The performances of the 2 proposed hybrid watermarking schemes are compared with those of the state-of-the-art watermarking schemes. The comparisons depend on both of the subjective visual results and the objective results; the peak signal-to-noise ratios of the watermarked frames and the normalized correlation of the extracted watermark frames. Extensive simulation results on standard 3DV sequences have been conducted in the presence of attacks. The obtained results confirm that the 2 suggested hybrid watermarking schemes are robust in the presence of attacks. They achieve not only very good perceptual quality with appreciated peak signal-to-noise ratio values but also high correlation coefficient values in the presence of attacks. beneficial to ensure copyright. A digital watermark can be embedded either in a compressed video or uncompressed video. 2 Video information are always transported and stored in the form of compressed data. The uncompressed video watermarking schemes can also be used for the compressed-video bit streams; however, they require complete video re-encoding and decoding for the watermark insertion or extraction. In different cases, the complete video stream decoding process is not recommended. So, the compressed video watermarking has recently acquired more attentiveness. Furthermore, the watermark insertion and extraction in compressed data has less computations, because the complete reencoding and decoding of the transmitted stream is not required for embedding and extracting the watermark bits.Recently, several video encoding standards have emerged. The objective of an encoding standard is to achieve high data compression, while maintaining an acceptable quality. The 3D multiview video coding (3D-MVC) is an efficient one of the recent encoding standards used in different applications. The 3D-MVC has received a broad attentiveness, and it is expected to rapidly take place of traditional 2D video coding in numerous applications. 3 In the 3D-MVC system, the original 3D video (3DV) consisting of multiple video streams is taken for the same object by various cameras. Thus, to transport the 3DV over limited resources networks, a highly efficient compression standard must be applied, whilst preserving a high reception quality. ...

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“…Inspired by image forgery-detection applications, the forgery-detection research has fast expanded to other media formats. To detect the tampering history of digital videos, great efforts have been invested in protecting the content of videos with digital-watermarking techniques [9]. Like image forgery detection, the main disadvantage of video-watermarking techniques is that the watermark information needs to be embedded during the video-recording process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Double-Compressed H.264/AVC Video Incorporating the Features of the String of Data Bits and Skip Macroblocks

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Today's H.264/AVC coded videos have a high quality, high data-compression ratio. They also have a strong fault tolerance, better network adaptability, and have been widely applied on the Internet. With the popularity of powerful and easy-to-use video editing software, digital videos can be tampered with in various ways. Therefore, the double compression in the H.264/AVC video can be used as a first step in the study of video-tampering forensics. This paper proposes a simple, but effective, double-compression detection method that analyzes the periodic features of the string of data bits (SODBs) and the skip macroblocks (S-MBs) for all I-frames and P-frames in a double-compressed H.264/AVC video. For a given suspicious video, the SODBs and S-MBs are extracted for each frame. Both features are then incorporated to generate one enhanced feature to represent the periodic artifact of the double-compressed video. Finally, a time-domain analysis is conducted to detect the periodicity of the features. The primary Group of Pictures (GOP) size is estimated based on an exhaustive strategy. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.

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An Overview of Information Hiding in H.264/AVC Compressed Video

Cited by 124 publications

References 99 publications

Information hiding in HEVC standard using adaptive coding block size decision

Information hiding in HEVC standard using adaptive coding block size decision

Efficient hybrid watermarking schemes for robust and secure 3D‐MVC communication

Detection of Double-Compressed H.264/AVC Video Incorporating the Features of the String of Data Bits and Skip Macroblocks

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