An Overview of Laser Metal Deposition for Cladding: Defect Formation Mechanisms, Defect Suppression Methods and Performance Improvements of Laser-Cladded Layers

Cheng, Jian; Xing, Yunhao; Dong, Enjie; Zhao, Linjie; Liu, Henan; Chang, Tingyu; Chen, Mingjun; Wang, Jinghe; Lu, Junwen; Wei, Jun

doi:10.3390/ma15165522

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…The porosity showed a decreasing and then increasing trend with the increase in preheating temperature. The lowest porosity was 2.12% for the coating prepared by preheating the substrate at 200 • C. Laser melting coatings with a porosity of less than 2%-3% are generally considered to be low-porosity coatings, so a coating with a porosity of 2.12% obtained by preheating at 200 • C is acceptable [37][38][39]. During molten pool solidification, tiny bubbles inside the molten pool are affected by the Marangoni driven flow and overcome the effect of gravity to move towards higher temperatures in the direction of the temperature gradient [40].…”

Section: Corrosion Behaviour Of Porosity Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Preheating Temperature on the Corrosion Resistance and Porosity Defects Development Behaviour of Ni60A Coating

Huang,

Li,

Guo

et al. 2024

Coatings

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The laser cladding of nickel-based fusion alloys makes them prone to cracks and defects that affect the overall performance of the coating. In this study, Ni60A coatings were prepared at different preheating temperatures (25 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C and 600 °C). The effect of the preheating temperature of the substrate on the corrosion resistance of the coating as well as on the development of defects were investigated by electrochemical tests and immersion experiments in a 65 wt% H2SO4 solution at 60 °C. The results indicate that preheating the substrate to 200 °C can completely eliminate cracks in the coating and reduce porosity. Preheating leads to a decrease in the corrosion resistance of the coating. The size of the porosity defects is related to the law of longitudinal development of the defects. Porosity defects with diameters smaller than 100 μm have a more pronounced tendency to expand vertically than those with diameters larger than 100 μm.

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Section: Corrosion Behaviour Of Porosity Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Preheating Temperature on the Corrosion Resistance and Porosity Defects Development Behaviour of Ni60A Coating

Huang,

Li,

Guo

et al. 2024

Coatings

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“…After the formation of a fine grain area, there is a large number of high-temperature liquid metal powders deposited. Because of the direction of crystallization during solidification led by the direction of the temperature gradient, the columnar crystal region perpendicular to the bonding surface is found [44], as shown in Figure 15a. During the formation of columnar crystals, new equiaxed crystals may also grow due to local undercooling or free crystals elsewhere.…”

Section: Phase and Microstructure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Repair of Gear by Laser Cladding Ni60 Alloy Powder: Process, Microstructure and Mechanical Performance

Guan

Yú

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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As the main mechanical transmission parts, the gears are usually exposed to wear, corrosion, and fatigue; their failure in a poor working environment may cause a huge economic loss and waste of resources. Laser cladding (LC) has been proven to quickly repair parts at good metallurgical bonding performance and has flexible scanning strategies and a wide material selection. Therefore, LC technology can be considered an ideal approach to repairing damaged gear. However, the repair of damaged teeth by LC has not been systematically reported. In this paper, a series of progressive works have been carried out to systematically investigate the repair process of broken gears by LC. Firstly, process parameters, overlapping ratio, and Z-increment for Ni60 powder on 20CrMnTi were optimized. Secondly, the effects of deposition strategies on morphologies of single-layer and multi-layer multi-tracks were carefully analyzed. Then, the gear repair was successfully realized based on obtained optimized parameters. Finally, the phase composition, microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of the repaired gear tooth were analyzed by XRD, SEM, microhardness tester, and friction and wear tester. The results show that the remanufactured tooth can recover its appearance before breakage. The repaired zone is mainly composed of γ-Ni, Cr7C3, Cr23C6, and CrB phases. The micro-hardness and wear volume loss of the repaired zone is 60.63 ± 1.23HRC and 1674.983 μm2, which are consistent with those of the other teeth. This study is expected to expand the application of LC technology and provide guidance to engineers in the repair of damaged parts.

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“…In addition, when the process parameters, substrate state, or environmental conditions are abnormal, defects such as pores and cracks may occur inside the cladding layer. Furthermore, small coating thickness is conducive to the rapid movement of internal or shallow surface defects to the coating surface, which eventually form surface defects [23,24]. Based on the above facts, the variations of coating surface morphologies can effectively reflect the fluctuations of process parameters during the EHLA process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research of On-Line Monitoring Technology Based on Laser Triangulation for Surface Morphology of Extreme High-Speed Laser Cladding Coating

Wang

Guo

et al. 2023

Coatings

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This work aims to develop a novel method for on-line monitoring of coating quality during the Extreme High-speed Laser Cladding (EHLA) process. JG-11 coating was prepared by EHLA, and microstructure, microhardness, corrosion performance, and scratch resistance were investigated. To analyze the influences of fluctuations in processing parameters on coating quality, a single-factor experiment scheme was designed and an on-line monitoring system based on laser triangulation was built. Furthermore, a new forming method for the surface profile of EHLA coating was proposed, and a new comprehensive evaluation index of surface morphology was accordingly designed. Benefitting from the extremely high cooling rate, EHLA JG-11 coating had fine grains, high hardness, and better corrosion resistance and scratch resistance than those of Electroplating Hard Chromium (EHC). The results revealed that the surface morphologies presented different characteristics due to the fluctuations of process parameters, such as high surface flatness, deep pits, small peaks, poor directionality, etc. The comprehensive evaluation index composed of Sa, Ssk, and Str could effectively characterize the surface morphology of EHLA coating, which proved that the monitoring system and evaluation method could realize on-line monitoring of the process parameters during the EHLA process.

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An Overview of Laser Metal Deposition for Cladding: Defect Formation Mechanisms, Defect Suppression Methods and Performance Improvements of Laser-Cladded Layers

Cited by 33 publications

References 132 publications

The Effect of Preheating Temperature on the Corrosion Resistance and Porosity Defects Development Behaviour of Ni60A Coating

The Effect of Preheating Temperature on the Corrosion Resistance and Porosity Defects Development Behaviour of Ni60A Coating

Repair of Gear by Laser Cladding Ni60 Alloy Powder: Process, Microstructure and Mechanical Performance

Research of On-Line Monitoring Technology Based on Laser Triangulation for Surface Morphology of Extreme High-Speed Laser Cladding Coating

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