An overview of mammalian pluripotency

Wu, Jun; Yamauchi, Takayoshi; Belmonte, Juan Carlos Izpisúa

doi:10.1242/dev.132928

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The developmental potency of in vitro established human cell lines isolated from preimplantation stage human embryos has been studied intensively over the past several years. The earliest developmental stage of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) isolated in vitro are referred to as “naïve” (meaning of greater developmental potential) and subsequently transitions through to a stage of lesser potential termed “primed” (reviewed in Nichols and Smith, 2009; Davidson et al, 2015; Ávila-González et al, 2016; Hockemeyer and Jaenisch, 2016; Weinberger et al, 2016; Wu et al, 2016 and references therein). Cells of the primed stage are equivalent to epiblast cells of the preimplantation human embryo.…”

Section: Pluripotencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications for a Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine Based Approach to Human Intervertebral Disk Degeneration

Kraus

Lufkin

2017

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human body develops from a single cell, the zygote, the product of the maternal oocyte and the paternal spermatozoon. That 1-cell zygote embryo will divide and eventually grow into an adult human which is comprised of ~3.7 × 1013 cells. The tens of trillions of cells in the adult human can be classified into approximately 200 different highly specialized cell types that make up all of the different tissues and organs of the human body. Regenerative medicine aims to replace or restore dysfunctional cells, tissues and organs with fully functional ones. One area receiving attention is regeneration of the intervertebral discs (IVDs), which are located between the vertebrae and function to give flexibility and support load to the spine. Degenerated discs are a major cause of lower back pain. Different stem cell based regenerative medicine approaches to cure disc degeneration are now available, including using autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and even attempts at direct transdifferentiation of somatic cells. Here we discuss some of the recent advances, successes, drawbacks, and the failures of the above-mentioned approaches.

show abstract

Section: Pluripotencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications for a Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine Based Approach to Human Intervertebral Disk Degeneration

Kraus

Lufkin

2017

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) display unlimited self-renewal and differentiation potential in vitro [9], making them an ideal source for the development of cell therapies and regenerative medicine applications. However, the clinical use of ESCs requires a high quality and quantity of cells, which is limited by currently used culturing techniques [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Assembling Scaffolds Supported Long-Term Growth of Human Primed Embryonic Stem Cells and Upregulated Core and Naïve Pluripotent Markers

McKee

Brown

Chaudhry

2019

Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The maintenance and expansion of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in two-dimensional (2-D) culture is technically challenging, requiring routine manipulation and passaging. We developed three-dimensional (3-D) scaffolds to mimic the in vivo microenvironment for stem cell proliferation. The scaffolds were made of two 8-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers functionalized with thiol (PEG-8-SH) and acrylate (PEG-8-Acr) end groups, which self-assembled via a Michael addition reaction. When primed ESCs (H9 cells) were mixed with PEG polymers, they were encapsulated and grew for an extended period, while maintaining their viability, self-renewal, and differentiation potential both in vitro and in vivo. Three-dimensional (3-D) self-assembling scaffold-grown cells displayed an upregulation of core pluripotency genes, OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2. In addition, the expression of primed markers decreased, while the expression of naïve markers substantially increased. Interestingly, the expression of mechanosensitive genes, YAP and TAZ, was also upregulated. YAP inhibition by Verteporfin abrogated the increased expression of YAP/TAZ as well as core and naïve pluripotent markers. Evidently, the 3-D culture conditions induced the upregulation of makers associated with a naïve state of pluripotency in the primed cells. Overall, our 3-D culture system supported the expansion of a homogenous population of ESCs and should be helpful in advancing their use for cell therapy and regenerative medicine.

show abstract

“…Embryonic stem cells, for example, have the potential to give rise to all cell types, whereas hematopoietic stem cells have much more limited potential, giving rise only to myeloid and lymphoid cells (Seita and Weissman, 2010; Wu et al, 2016). The wide range of developmental potentials is also reflected in the degree to which cell lineages are hardwired or plastic in the types and numbers of cells they can generate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differing Strategies Despite Shared Lineages of Motor Neurons and Glia to Achieve Robust Development of an Adult Neuropil in Drosophila

Enriquez

Rio

Blazeski

et al. 2018

Neuron

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY In vertebrates and invertebrates, neurons and glia are generated in a stereotyped manner from neural stem cells, but the purpose of invariant lineages is not understood. We show that two stem cells that produce leg motor neurons in Drosophila also generate neuropil glia, which wrap and send processes into the neuropil where motor neuron dendrites arborize. The development of the neuropil glia and leg motor neurons is highly coordinated. However, although motor neurons have a stereotyped birth order and transcription factor code, the number and individual morphologies of the glia born from these lineages are highly plastic, yet the final structure they contribute to is highly stereotyped. We suggest that the shared lineages of these two cell types facilitate the assembly of complex neural circuits and that the two birth order strategies—hardwired for motor neurons and flexible for glia—are important for robust nervous system development, homeostasis, and evolution.

show abstract

An overview of mammalian pluripotency

Cited by 31 publications

References 71 publications

Implications for a Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine Based Approach to Human Intervertebral Disk Degeneration

Implications for a Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine Based Approach to Human Intervertebral Disk Degeneration

Self-Assembling Scaffolds Supported Long-Term Growth of Human Primed Embryonic Stem Cells and Upregulated Core and Naïve Pluripotent Markers

Differing Strategies Despite Shared Lineages of Motor Neurons and Glia to Achieve Robust Development of an Adult Neuropil in Drosophila

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About