An Overview of Modelling and Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Cao, Yunfei; Yao, Ming; Sun, Xiaodong

doi:10.3390/app13105947

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…Solutions applicable for hybrid cars can also be adopted well for mobile robots. The strategy of the power control will be dependent on the hybrid drive topology and individual component sizing [62].…”

Section: Ai-based Optimization Of Robots' Power System and Battery Ma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Sources of Mobile Robot Power Systems: A Systematic Review and Comparison of Efficiency

et al. 2023

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Mobile robots can perform tasks on the move, including exploring terrain, discovering landmark features, or moving a load from one place to another. This group of robots is characterized by a certain level of intelligence, allowing the making of decisions and responding to stimuli received from the environment. As part of Industry 5.0, such mobile robots and humans are expected to co-exist and work together in a shared environment to make human work less tiring, quicker, and safer. This can only be realized when clean, dense, and economical energy sources are available. The aim of the study is to analyze the state of the art and to identify the most important directions for future developments in energy sources of robotic power systems based mainly on batteries. The efficiency and performance of the battery depends on the design using different materials. Work environments and performance requirements are considered in this systematic review to classify solutions that help developers choose the best-suited power system for specific application. Indirectly, the aim of the work is to generate discussion within the scientific and engineering community. A narrative review of publications from six major bibliographic databases according to preset inclusion criteria is combined with a critical analysis of current and future technologies. The main findings of the review allow answering the question of what is the role of modern power source technologies, artificial intelligence, and ground-breaking research work in global policies related to energy saving, green policies, and sustainable development. The main opportunities and threats are discussed, and a brief feasibility analysis is carried out. The novelty of the article relates not only to the analysis of technologies, but also to approaches and their use under conditions of limited resource availability, when resource usage must be minimized. The article provides an overview of batteries, their specifications, classifications, and their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, we propose (1) an algorithm for selecting the main energy source for robot application, and (2) an algorithm for selecting an electrical system power supply. Current mobile robot batteries are, in most cases, the robot’s biggest limitation. Progress in battery development is currently too slow to catch up with the demand for robot autonomy and range requirements, limiting the development of mobile robots. Further intensive research and implementation work is needed to avoid years of delay in this area.

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Section: Ai-based Optimization Of Robots' Power System and Battery Ma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Sources of Mobile Robot Power Systems: A Systematic Review and Comparison of Efficiency

et al. 2023

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“…In terms of speed variability, the Mitsubishi iMiEV exhibited the lowest variability (379. 40) In essence, these drive cycle patterns suggest a city environment with frequent stops, accelerations, and decelerations, indicative of substantial urban traffic conditions. Despite adhering to standard test procedures, it remains challenging to control both traffic conditions and vehicle speeds, resulting in rapidly changing patterns.…”

Section: Drive Cycle Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is challenging to predict the long-term CO 2 reduction of the increased adoption of HEVs and EVs, but there is a consensus among researchers that estimating CO 2 emissions from vehicles is crucial to understanding their environmental impact [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Considering emissions from manufacturing, operation, and end-of-life phases, life cycle assessment is a commonly used method to evaluate CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Estimated Carbon Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the On-Road Performance of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) in Urban Road Conditions in the Philippines

Bartolome,

Santos,

Alano

et al. 2023

WEVJ

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This current and pioneering work aimed to assess the on-road performance of selected hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) in local urban road conditions following the World Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) and the chase car protocol. An experimental research design was also implemented to investigate the effects of the different payload conditions on vehicle performance, and corresponding drive cycle patterns for the test vehicles were generated from each on-road test. From the series of these on-road tests, it was revealed that there was high variability in speed profiles, and vehicle speed was generally found to be inversely related to payload weight. The variations in the state of charge, fuel fill-up, and fuel and energy parameters exhibited no significant differences in terms of payload conditions. When compared to both the Canada fuel consumption guide and the US fuel consumption guide, the resulting fuel consumption and energy consumption indicated that the Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV and Mitsubishi iMiEV exceeded energy efficiency standards, unlike the Toyota Prius. Meanwhile, in terms of CO2 emissions, all vehicles demonstrated around 40–70% lower emissions compared to conventional vehicles according to the 2023 estimates of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Being the first of its kind in the Philippines, this study on the on-road performance assessments of HEVs and EVs is essential because it provides empirical data on these vehicles’ actual performance in everyday driving conditions. The data are important for evaluating the potential to address environmental concerns, promote sustainable transportation solutions, influence consumer adoption, and shape government policies. With ongoing improvements in technology and expanding charging infrastructure, HEVs and EVs are poised for significant adoption in the coming years.

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“…Learning-based energy management strategies are control strategies with adaptive learning capabilities and good robustness [19]. Xu et al [20] proposed a supervised learningbased driving cycle pattern recognition method that can accurately predict road conditions and improve the fuel economy of hybrid vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Energy Management Strategy for Series Hybrid Tractor under Typical Operating Conditions Based on Dynamic Programming

Yan,

Zhao,

Liu

et al. 2024

WEVJ

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In response to the issues of hybrid tractors’ energy management strategies, such as reliance on experience, difficulty in achieving optimal control, and incomplete analysis of typical operating conditions of tractors, an energy management strategy based on dynamic programming is proposed in combination with various typical operating conditions of tractors. This is aimed at providing a reference for the modeling and energy management strategies of series hybrid tractors. Taking the series hybrid tractor as the research object, the tractor dynamics models under three typical working conditions of plowing, rotary tillage, and transportation were established. With the minimum total fuel consumption of the tractor as the optimization target, the engine power as the control variable, and the state of charge of the power battery as the state variable, an energy management strategy based on a dynamic programming algorithm was established and simulation experiments were conducted. The simulation results show that, compared with the power-following energy management strategy, the energy management strategy based on the dynamic programming algorithm can reasonably control the operating state of the engine. Under the three typical working conditions of plowing, rotary tillage, and transportation, the battery SOC consumption increased by approximately 8.37%, 7.24%, and 0.77%, respectively, while the total fuel consumption decreased by approximately 25.28%, 21.54%, and 13.24%, respectively.

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An Overview of Modelling and Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Cited by 24 publications

References 188 publications

Energy Sources of Mobile Robot Power Systems: A Systematic Review and Comparison of Efficiency

Energy Sources of Mobile Robot Power Systems: A Systematic Review and Comparison of Efficiency

Assessment of the On-Road Performance of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) in Urban Road Conditions in the Philippines

Research on Energy Management Strategy for Series Hybrid Tractor under Typical Operating Conditions Based on Dynamic Programming

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