An overview of polymer latex film formation and properties

Steward, Paul A.; Hearn, J.; Wilkinson, M. C.

doi:10.1016/s0001-8686(99)00037-8

Cited by 532 publications

(404 citation statements)

References 250 publications

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“…It is well known that when polymer films are cast from the latex solutions surfactant molecules in the latices migrate toward the interfaces during film formation, decreasing the film performances, in particular, for paints and other protective coatings [11][12][13]. In this context, the disappearance of ionic species in the present polymers recovered by hydrolysis would modify the surface properties of the cast films.…”

Section: Surface Properties Of Polymer Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of surfactant-free vinyl polymers by conventional emulsion polymerization using hydrolysable emulsifiers

et al. 2011

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Emulsion polymerizations of several vinyl monomers, styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate, in water using alkali-hydrolysable cationic surfactants with a betaine ester group, (1-alkoxycarbonylmethyl)trimethylammonium chlorides, as emulsifiers were carried out and properties of the resulting latices and the polymers recovered by hydrolysis and salting out were investigated. There were little influences of the surfactants and monomers used here on the polymerizations, forming stable and monodisperse latices with a mean diameter of ca. 70 nm and giving a high molecular weight of polymers at high yields. All polymers were precipitated and recovered by adding a small amount of sodium hydroxide into the latex solutions contained little amount of ionic species. Solvent-cast films of the polymers were found to have surfaces as hydrophobic as those for the corresponding pure polymers prepared by bulk polymerization.

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Section: Surface Properties Of Polymer Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of surfactant-free vinyl polymers by conventional emulsion polymerization using hydrolysable emulsifiers

et al. 2011

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“…The film-formation process has been studied in considerable detail, as summarized in some recent review articles on this subject. 1,2 It is known, for example, that the film-formation process depends not only on the chemistry of the individual latex particles but also on the particle concentration, presence of surfactants, and humidity and temperature at which the films are formed. 3,4 It is generally accepted that latex film formation occurs in a series of steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesive and mechanical properties of soft nanocomposites: Model studies with blended latex films

Fabbroni

Shull

Hersam

2001

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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ABSTRACT:We used a unique approach based on contact mechanics to quantify the adhesive and linear viscoelastic properties of latex films approximately 100 m thick. The latex films were formed from a mixture of two particle types and form stable films consisting of rigid and compliant regions. We used atomic force microscopy to verify that these regions remained well dispersed on the length scale of the original particle size. The properties of the films were determined by h , the volume fraction of the stiffer component. For h Ͻ 0.45, the films were quite adhesive, with viscoelastic properties determined by the compliant matrix material. Adhesive interactions between the film and indenter enabled us to oscillate the indenter in the direction normal to the film surface while maintaining a constant contact area, allowing us to determine the frequency dependence of the dynamic moduli of the films. Stiffer films with higher volume fractions of hard particles were characterized by indentation measurements, from which we were able to determine the time dependence of the relaxation modulus of the latex films. All results were consistent with a power-law form of the relaxation modulus with an exponent of 0.25. The magnitude of the relaxation modulus increased by a factor of 3000 as the volume fraction of hard particles increased from 0 to 0.89. For low values of h , the composition dependence of the film stiffness was similar to the concentration dependence of the viscosity of spherical particle suspensions. A much weaker concentration dependence was observed for the highest values of h , where the properties of the films were dominated by the stiffer component.

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“…They showed that PFB:F8BT NPOPV devices with Al and Ca/Al cathodes exhibit qualitatively very similar behaviour, with a peak PCE of ~0.4% for Al (consistent with Stapleton's work [30]) and ~0.8% for Ca/Al, and that there is a distinct optimized thickness for the NP devices ( Figure 3). The optimal thickness is a consequence of the competing physical effects of the repair and filling of defects for thin films [32,33] and the development of stress cracking in thick films [34]. Indeed, Stapleton's work showed that the optimal layer thickness in these devices corresponds to the critical cracking thickness (CCT) above which stress cracking occurs, resulting in low shunt resistance and a reduction in device performance [30].…”

Section: The Pfb:f8bt Nanoparticulate Organic Photovoltaic (Npopv) Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Paint: From Synthesis to Printing

2014

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Abstract:Water-based polymer nanoparticle dispersions (solar paint) offer the prospect of addressing two of the main challenges associated with printing large area organic photovoltaic devices; namely, how to control the nanoscale architecture of the active layer and eliminate the need for hazardous organic solvents during device fabrication. In this paper, we review progress in the field of nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic (NPOPV) devices and future prospects for large-scale manufacturing of solar cells based on this technology.

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An overview of polymer latex film formation and properties

Cited by 532 publications

References 250 publications

Preparation of surfactant-free vinyl polymers by conventional emulsion polymerization using hydrolysable emulsifiers

Preparation of surfactant-free vinyl polymers by conventional emulsion polymerization using hydrolysable emulsifiers

Adhesive and mechanical properties of soft nanocomposites: Model studies with blended latex films

Solar Paint: From Synthesis to Printing

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