2011
DOI: 10.1007/s12043-011-0045-z
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An overview of quantification methods in energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis

Abstract: This paper reviews the major factors influencing the accuracy of the energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis including physical and chemical matrix effects (resulting from particle size, surface irregularity, mineralogy, moisture, absorption and enhancement) as well as the correction procedures with emphasis on the analysis of unprepared samples. Quantification methods for thin samples, samples with intermediate thickness and thick samples are presented including fundamental parameter methods, in… Show more

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Cited by 51 publications
(53 citation statements)
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“…XRF measurements are influenced by the moisture content of the sample, particle size, and surface irregularities. Also, x-rays penetrate only 10-1000 mm into a sample (Markowicz, 2011) and therefore only a very limited subsection of the sample is included in the analysis. These factors result in inconsistent concentration measurements conducted in situ or on samples that have not been dried and homogenized.…”
Section: Comparison Of Xrf and Cvaas For Mercury Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…XRF measurements are influenced by the moisture content of the sample, particle size, and surface irregularities. Also, x-rays penetrate only 10-1000 mm into a sample (Markowicz, 2011) and therefore only a very limited subsection of the sample is included in the analysis. These factors result in inconsistent concentration measurements conducted in situ or on samples that have not been dried and homogenized.…”
Section: Comparison Of Xrf and Cvaas For Mercury Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…EDX analysis is considered a semi-quantitative analysis since some analytical variables, such as critical penetration depth and detection limit might affect the results. Particle size, surface irregularity and moisture content on the samples might also affect the variability of the results (Markowicz 2011).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For the intermediate-sample approach, the mass per unit area of the ith element can be determined taking into account the radiation loss due to self-absorption by incorporating the transmission coefficient [16,22,30] :…”
Section: Classification Of Samples In Xrfmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[22] However, the problem arises once the sample is considered intermediate (sample mass per unit area somewhere in between thick-and thin-sample approximation), which requires a priori knowledge of the organic matrix in a sample. [16] In addition, as the energies of characteristic X-ray radiation vary for different elements, for high-Z elements, the sample can usually be considered thin while for the other intermediate/thick.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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