An Overview of Research into the Teaching and Learning of Probability

Intuitive Conceptions of Probability and the Development of Basic Math Skills

“…Whereas the heuristics and biases approach has been very well documented as an approach to the learning and teaching of probabilities (e.g., Jones and Thornton 2005), this more recent ecological rationality approach is less well understood and appreciated. The basic question of this chapter is, in many ways, the central question regarding how these approaches hold implications for mathematics education.…”

Research on Teaching and Learning Probability

“…We now revisit the essentials associated with probabilistic intuition and difficulties associated with learning probability. Framing our historical approach, we adopt the periods of Jones and Thornton's (2005) "historical overview of research on the learning and teaching of probability" (p. 66), which was recently extended by Chernoff and Sriraman (2014b).…”

“…Initial research in probability cognition was undertaken during the 1950s and 1960s by Piaget and Inhelder and by psychologists with varying theoretical orientations (Jones and Thornton 2005). Research during this period was dominated by the work of Piaget and Inhelder, 4 which largely investigated "developmental growth and structure of people's probabilistic thinking" (p. 65).…”

“…The next phase of research, the "Post-piagetian Period," would be dominated, on the one hand, by work of Efraim Fischbein and, on the other hand, by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky (Jones and Thornton 2005). The work of Fischbein would continue the work of Piaget and Inhelder (i.e., a continued focus on probabilistic intuitions), but introduce and explicate a distinction between what he denoted as primary and secondary intuitions.…”

An Analysis of Teachers' Statistical Reasoning

“…불확실성에 대한 추론과 관련하여 Jones & Thornton(2005)은 학생들이 확률을 예측하거나 통계적 판단을 내릴 때 결과적 접근(outcome approach) 전략, 등확률(equiprobability) 전략, 대표성(representativeness) 전략과 같은 부적절한 추론 유형을 보인다고 하였다. 결과적 접근 전략은, 반복하여 일어나는 사건의 분포가 지니는 특징으로 확률을 이해하지 않고 한 번 시행 한 결과를 예측하는 도구로 활용하는 것을 말한다.…”