An overview of the chemical modifications of chitosan and their advantages

Madera-Santana, Tomás J.; Hernán, Herrera-MéndezCarlos; Rodríguez‐Núñez, Jesús R.

doi:10.1680/jgrma.18.00053

Cited by 93 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Besides, extensive research has been conducted on the chemical modifications of chitosan, as summarized in numerous and excellent publications focused on this topic [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] Hence, the hybridization of CS with an inorganic silica network by using sol-gel method has been investigated so far, as a strategy to achieve improved properties from a combined synergistic effect of the properties of the individual organic and inorganic component [ 15 , 25 ]. Moreover, silica is considered to be a decisive part of the mechanism of biomineralization of biomimetic apatite on bioactive surfaces [ 26 ], so it may help to stimulate adequate biological response in biomaterials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-GPTMS-Silica Hybrid Mesoporous Aerogels for Bone Tissue Engineering

et al. 2020

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This study introduces a new synthesis route for obtaining homogeneous chitosan (CS)-silica hybrid aerogels with CS contents up to 10 wt%, using 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as coupling agent, for tissue engineering applications. Aerogels were obtained using the sol-gel process followed by CO2 supercritical drying, resulting in samples with bulk densities ranging from 0.17 g/cm3 to 0.38 g/cm3. The textural analysis by N2-physisorption revealed an interconnected mesopore network with decreasing specific surface areas (1230–700 m2/g) and pore sizes (11.1–8.7 nm) by increasing GPTMS content (2–4 molar ratio GPTMS:CS monomer). In addition, samples exhibited extremely fast swelling by spontaneous capillary imbibition in PBS solution, presenting swelling capacities from 1.75 to 3.75. The formation of a covalent crosslinked hybrid structure was suggested by FTIR and confirmed by an increase of four hundred fold or more in the compressive strength up to 96 MPa. Instead, samples synthesized without GPTMS fractured at only 0.10–0.26 MPa, revealing a week structure consisted in interpenetrated polymer networks. The aerogels presented bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF), as confirmed by the in vitro formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer with crystal size of approximately 2 µm size in diameter. In vitro studies revealed also non cytotoxic effect on HOB® osteoblasts and also a mechanosensitive response. Additionally, control cells grown on glass developed scarce or no stress fibers, while cells grown on hybrid samples showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in well-developed stress fibers and mature focal adhesion complexes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-GPTMS-Silica Hybrid Mesoporous Aerogels for Bone Tissue Engineering

et al. 2020

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“…Additionally, the COO- symmetric and asymmetric stretching can be seen at the spectral band of ~1530 cm −1 in all spectra and an additional peak at 1402 cm −1 in Mn:ZnS. The peak at 1402 is disappearing in MMC@CS-Mn:ZnS sample and might be due to the formation of nanocomposites that involve the binding of carboxyl group (COO–) of Mn:ZnS with the amino group (–NH 2 ) of CS [ 44 ], as the amine group of CS supports electrostatic interaction to produce a stable mixture [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Release Profiles of Mitomycin C Encapsulated Quantum Dots–Chitosan Nanocarrier System for the Possible Treatment of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

et al. 2021

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Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are an emerging technology for the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer therapy with low/no toxicity to the non-cancer cells. With that view, the present work reports the synthesis, characterization, and testing of Mn:ZnS quantum dots (QDs) conjugated chitosan (CS)-based nanocarrier system encapsulated with Mitomycin C (MMC) drug. This fabricated nanocarrier, MMC@CS-Mn:ZnS, has been tested thoroughly for the drug loading capacity, drug encapsulation efficiency, and release properties at a fixed wavelength (358 nm) using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Followed by the physicochemical characterization, the cumulative drug release profiling data of MMC@CS-Mn:ZnS nanocarrier (at pH of 6.5, 6.8, 7.2, and 7.5) were investigated to have the highest release of 56.48% at pH 6.8, followed by 50.22%, 30.88%, and 10.75% at pH 7.2, 6.5, and 7.5, respectively. Additionally, the drug release studies were fitted to five different pharmacokinetic models including pesudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Higuchi, Hixson–Crowell, and Korsmeyers–Peppas models. From the analysis, the cumulative MMC release suits the Higuchi model well, revealing the diffusion-controlled mechanism involving the correlation of cumulative drug release proportional to the function square root of time at equilibrium, with the correlation coefficient values (R2) of 0.9849, 0.9604, 0.9783, and 0.7989 for drug release at pH 6.5, 6.8, 7.2, and 7.5, respectively. Based on the overall results analysis, the formulated nanocarrier system of MMC synergistically envisages the efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the target cancerous sites, able to sustain it for a longer time, etc. Consequently, the developed nanocarrier system has the capacity to improve the drug loading efficacy in combating the reoccurrence and progression of cancer in non-muscle invasive bladder diseases.

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“…CH, a naturally abundant cationic polymer is insoluble in an aqueous medium but soluble in a weakly acidic medium [18]. Majorly consists of -NH2 and hydroxyl (-OH) groups, where -NH2 group gets converted into soluble -NH3 + [19]. This biopolymer, exhibits many meritorious properties likely non-toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial efficacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of chitosan-coated mixed spinel ferrite integrated with graphene oxide (GO) for magnetic extraction of viral RNA for potential detection of SARS-CoV-2

Singh

Batoo

Singh

2021

Preprint

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Genetic variants of the COVID-19 causative virus have been arising and circulating globally. In many countries especially in developing ones with a huge population, vaccination has become one of the major challenges. SARS-CoV-2 variants’ fast transmission rate has upsurge the COVID cases, leading to more stress on health systems. In the current COVID-19 scenario, there is the requirement of more adequate diagnostic approaches to check the COVID-19 spread. Out of many diagnostic approaches, a magnetic nanoparticle-based reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction could be nontrivial. The use of magnetic nanoparticles to separate nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 from the patient samples and applied for detection is an easy and more effective way for COVID-19 patient detection. Herein, the magnetic nanoparticles are synthesized using the sol-gel autocombustion methods and then, successfully coated with biopolymer (chitosan) using ultra-sonication. Chitosan-coated nanoparticles are successfully integrated into the graphene oxide sheets to introduce carboxyl groups. Crystallite size calculation, morphological and magnetic studies of synthesized magnetic nanoparticles, and multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles are done using XRD, SEM, TEM, and VSM respectively. Besides the potentiality of the fabricated nanocomposites in RNA extraction protocol is also discussed with schematic representation.

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An overview of the chemical modifications of chitosan and their advantages

Cited by 93 publications

References 80 publications

Chitosan-GPTMS-Silica Hybrid Mesoporous Aerogels for Bone Tissue Engineering

Chitosan-GPTMS-Silica Hybrid Mesoporous Aerogels for Bone Tissue Engineering

Drug Release Profiles of Mitomycin C Encapsulated Quantum Dots–Chitosan Nanocarrier System for the Possible Treatment of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Fabrication of chitosan-coated mixed spinel ferrite integrated with graphene oxide (GO) for magnetic extraction of viral RNA for potential detection of SARS-CoV-2

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