An Overview of the Control of Bacterial Pathogens in Cattle Manure

Abstract

Cattle manure harbors microbial constituents that make it a potential source of pollution in the environment and infections in humans. Knowledge of, and microbial assessment of, manure is crucial in a bid to prevent public health and environmental hazards through the development of better management practices and policies that should govern manure handling. Physical, chemical and biological methods to reduce pathogen population in manure do exist, but are faced with challenges such as cost, odor pollution, green house gas emission, etc. Consequently, anaerobic digestion of animal manure is currently one of the most widely used treatment method that can help to salvage the above-mentioned adverse effects and in addition, produces biogas that can serve as an alternative/complementary source of energy. However, this method has to be monitored closely as it could be fraught with challenges during operation, caused by the inherent characteristics of the manure. In addition, to further reduce bacterial pathogens to a significant level, anaerobic digestion can be combined with other methods such as thermal, aerobic and physical methods. In this paper, we review the bacterial composition of cattle manure as well as methods engaged in the control of pathogenic microbes present in manure and recommendations that need to be respected and implemented in order to prevent microbial contamination of the environment, animals and humans.

Impact of manure storage conditions and time on decomposition and losses from liquid dairy manure stored in a temperate climate

“…Calculated rate of decline for E. coli and Salmonella between sampling dates was within 12.5-21.6 days for one log reduction reported by Goss et al (2013), for September 2010 sampling when manure was relatively warm. Decline rates were higher during the remainder of the study and overall survival rates during storage exceeded those reviewed by Manyi-Loh et al (2016). Nicholson et al (2005) found E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter survived up to three months in slurry storage compared to 11 mo storage in this study.…”

“…From soil, pathogens may be transferred into waterways to become a human health hazard (Goss and Richards 2008;Jacobsen and Bech 2012). However, results of pathogen survival in laboratory condition are known to differ from those under field condition (Manyi-Loh et al 2016), thus, knowledge of the type and amounts of pathogens and their survival rates in farm storages is needed to improve estimates of risks from land application of manure.…”

The quality of microorganism on coal bed methane processing with various livestock waste in laboratory scale

“…more resistant to the condition and temperature of the digester. Factors affecting the hygiene of the digester depend on the pathogens present in the feed material, their amount, the temperature of the biogas process, retention time, process type and available nutrients [24,25]. The reduction of endoparasites in CBM formation process reached 77.08%, whereas in the previous study the reduction of endoparasites in the biogas formation process reached 93.7% [26].…”

Potential risk factors for zoonotic disease transmission among Mongolian herder households caring for horses and camels

“…These are known as manure-borne pathogens (Pachepsky et al 2006, Manyi-Loh et al 2016. A minimum of three months is needed when the air is more than 0°C to properly kill microbes in untreated, dry manure (Manyi-Loh et al 2016). This is problematic in Mongolia where during much of the year the ambient temperature is below 0°C.…”

“…A review of zoonotic pathogens associated with cattle manure found that Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Giardia lamblia were all spread in manure. These are known as manure-borne pathogens (Pachepsky et al 2006, Manyi-Loh et al 2016. A minimum of three months is needed when the air is more than 0°C to properly kill microbes in untreated, dry manure (Manyi-Loh et al 2016).…”